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In addition, plastic deformation can also reduce particle agglomeration, improve the distribution of particles and refine the matrix-alloy grain.
The results show that the dispersion uniformity and the particle size of SiC particles did not change obviously, but the matrix grain is refined because of the recrystallization during hot deformation process.
The results of Hanada et al. [28] show that the hot extrusion process can effectively refine the microstructures of the composites while the increase in temperature caused by excessive extrusion ratio will lead to grain growth, resulting in a decrease in mechanical properties.
Therefore, SiCp and the matrix grain in the same original position flow along with radial direction, resulting in the SiCp segregation.
The grain is elongated along the extrusion direction, while SiC particles and broken second phases exhibit streamline distribution characteristics after hot extrusion deformation; The matrix alloy structure is further refined, the SiC particles are broken obviously and the distribution tends to be uniform after hot rolling deformation[21].

These concretes are actually mortar micro-mortars whose maximum diameter of the largest grain does not exceed 630 microns.
Furthermore, the diameter of the large grain of dune sand is well below to 0.6 mm (figure 2).
It is due to the adsorption of the polymers on the cement grains and also to the possible reactions of the Ca2+ cations with polymer anions.
This phenomenon was explained by the adsorption of super plasticizer on the grains that cause a delay in the hydration process.
[25] Hamidreza Ramezani, Pierre Mounanga, Jena Jeong, Marwen Bouasker "Role of cement paste composition on the self induced stress in early-age mortars: Application of the Cosserat size number".

Mechanical strength of cold crushing strength (CCS) was measured according to ASTM C0133-97R03 numbers.
The bulk density (BD) and apparent porosity (AP) were determined respectively, relative to the size and weight measured using Archimedes method according to ASTM C0020-00R05 numbers and corrosion resistance against slag shrub procedure.
The microstructural evolution of the matrix was also influenced by the spinel formation from reactive alumina and MgO fine grains [8].

The number of voids (compressibility) should be such that it has low deformation under varying traffic load stress states, and good structural performance.
Figure 1: Grain size distribution curve of Maringá and Mandaguaçu soils For this study, construction and demolition waste (CDW) composed of remnants of ceramic bricks and mortar was chosen.
Figure 2: Grain size distribution curve of construction and demolition waste (CDW) Portland cement with blast furnace slag CP II-E-32 was used.
Table 3: Specific gravity of the soil solids and consistency limits of the mixtures Mixture Maringá Mandaguaçu M - 0 M - 25 M - 50 M - 0 M - 25 M - 50 Specific gravity of the soil solids (g/cm³) 3 2.91 2.81 2.69 2.68 2.66 Liquid Limit (%) 53 41 34 31 - - Plasticity Limit (%) 33 27 21 15 - - Plasticity Index (%) 20 14 13 16 NP NP Figure 3: Grain size distribution curve of the mixtures The values of maximum dry unit mass and optimum moisture content obtained in compaction tests performed with normal compression energy in mixtures of soil, cement and CDW using soil from Maringá and Mandaguaçu are presented in Table 4.

In comparison, powder metallurgy has been used to prepare alloy with uniform composition, small grain and high density.
The numbers “1” and “2” in the sample signal stand for the sample phase ratios 7:1:2 and 7:2:1, of Nb:Nb5Si3:Cr2Nb, respectively.
If the strengthening phase distributes along the grain boundary of Nb in form of film network, it leads to the brittle intergranular fracture, breaks first with increase in the load [20].
The sintering temperature of the A-1 (Fig. 5(a), 1300℃) is 50℃ lower than that of the B-1 (Fig. 5(b), 1350℃) and C-1 (Fig. 5(c), 1350℃), consequently the mobility of the melted powder is relatively low, and so the pores in grain boundary of the A-1 sample are relatively more and bigger.

In addition, there are factors, which directly influence the product quality, such as hardness, porosity, morphology, and size of grains and the binder to be used [9].
Proportions (binder [g]/ gypsum [g]) Binder % Particle size Hardness (N) 0.1024 0.1280 0.1536 Manioc starch 68.23819 63.13206 81.70426 12.96 - 9.074 0.0120 0.0250 0.0380 CMC 82.50309 84.42122 88.40889 4.971 2.186 1.456 0.0120 0.0250 0.0380 PVA 77.36050 78.98779 81.23549 3.829 5.036 4.310 The binder that had the best grain size was carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), as can be seen in Table 2.
Because the number of samples, it is possible to statistically analyze the resistance data.
The average strength to the grains that were used cassava starch was close to 1 kgf (about 10 Newton).

Because of the complicated casting process and the defects such as holes, stray grain, freckles and small angle grain boundaries, the traditional technology restricts the batch production of high-performance and complex structure castings.
It was found that there were a large number of needle and block borides in the diffusion affected area after brazing repair.
Liang et al. [17] of Tsinghua University observed and measured the growth behavior of small cracks in nickel base single crystal superalloy from room temperature to 980℃, analyzed its micro failure mechanism, determined the nucleation position, growth rate and growth behavior of cracks, and the interaction between cracks and inclusions, gas holes or grain boundaries.

In the last two decades of the XX century were produced a high number of amorphous alloys the most well known being based on Fe, Co or Ni.
It can be defined as the minimal rate of cooling applied to a melting which avoids the formation of a single crystalline grain into a certain volume of material.
Because the term of crystalline grain depends on the experimental methods capable to show it, practically one considers that the critical amorphization rate of cooling is the minimal rate of cooling which avoid the 10 -6 crystalls fraction formation [1].
(figure 2). 1 mm 1 nm 1 µm Coercitivity, A/cm Graine size 0,01 0,001 0,1 1 10 100 Amorphous alloys d6 1/d ● ● ● ● ▲ ▲ ■ ▲ ■ ■ Permalloy Fe-Si 50.iFe .anocrystalline alloys Fig.2 Variation of the coercitive field with the grain size [1] In the last decades were developed many amorphous and nanocrystalline ferromagnetic families alloys, the most well know being the Fe81B13Si4C2, Fe81B13Si6 amourphous alloys respectively the nanocrystalline alloys familiar under the commercial name of Finemet (Fe-Cu-M-B-Si), Nanoperm (Fe-M-B), or Hitperm (Fe-Co-M-B-Cu) where M = Zr, Hf, Nb, Mo,V.

The width of the Ω scans reveals the misorientation of individual grains.
The right grain (austenite) has a higher density of micro-twins than the left grain (ferrite), most likely due to lower stacking fault energy and a higher number of active slip systems in austenite.

In this study, the production of 1 ton of winter wheat grain was selected as the functional unit.
The characterization provides indicators for analyzing the potential contributions of resource extractions and emissions to a number of potential impacts.
Therefore, the program showed significant eutrophication reduction potential per ton of grain.
The eutrophication reduction index was 0.1209-0.3031 which means the eutrophication potential reduction per ton of grain achieved by the STFF program accounted for 12.09-30.31% of the world per capita eutrophication potential in 2000.