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Elsevier, Journal of material processing technology 146 (2004) 234-240 ,Incheon, South Korea [2] Matthieu Barge, Jeol Rech, Hedi Hamdi, Jean-Michel Bergheau, Experimental study of abrasive process, elsevier,wear, Journal of science direct,98156 ,28 Aug 2006,pg 101-107 [3] Deng Jianxin, Liu Lili, Ding Mingwei, Sand erosion performance of SiC/ (W,Ti)C gradient ceramic nozzles by abrasive air-jets, elsevier ,materials and design, Journal of science direct 28 (2007) , pg 2099-2105 [4] Jianxin Deng, Xihua Zhang, Pingzhang Niu, Lili Liu, Jinghai Wang, wear of ceramic nozzles by dry and sand blasting, elsevier, Tribology International 29 (2006), pg 274- 280 [5] Deng Jianxin, Feng Yihua, Ding Zeling, Shi Peiwei, wear bahavier of ceramic nozzles in sand blasting treatments, elsevier, Journal of European ceramic society 23 (2003), pg 323-329 [6] M.
Kanzaki, effect of workpiece properties on machinability in abrasive jet machining of ceramic materials, elsevier, journal of the international societies for precision engineering and nanotechnology 26 (2002), pg 193-198 [7] R.
[11] Adnan Akkurt, the effect of material type and plate thickness on drilling time of abrasive water jet drilling process , ELSEVIER, the journal of material and design 30 (2009), pg 810-815 [12] L.Chen ,E.Siores,W.C.K.Wong, optimizing abrasive waterjet cutting of ceramic materials, elsevier, the journal of material processing tech. 74 (1998), pg 251-254 [13]A.A.Khan, M.M.
Haque, performance of different abrasive material during abrasive water jet machining of glass, elsevier, the journal of material processing technology 191, (2007), pg 404-407 [14] L.Chen E.
Siores, W.C.K.Wong, kerf charecterstics in abrasive waterjet cutting of ceramic materials peergamon, published by Elsevier science ltd, pg 1201-1206 [15] P.K.Ray, A.K.Paul, some studies on abrasive jet machining, the journal of institution of engineer (India),vol 68,pg 27-30, 2 Nov 1997

Among these materials, polymers and their composites have gained significant attention due to their versatility, ease of processing, and tunable properties.
However, these additives are synthetic materials.
To turn waste into materials valuable, this work focuses on exploring the use of amethyst as a novel additive to enhance the properties of PVDF-HFP.
The integration of amethyst into polymer matrices presents an intriguing opportunity to enhance the functional properties of the composite materials.
Liu, Improvement of the piezoelectricity of PVDF-HFP by CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, Nano Materials Science. 6 (2024) 201–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2023.03.002

Higher temperatures always encourages crystal growth rates as more energy is available to the materials for phase formation and crystal growth.
Lin: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Vol. 6, p. 277-281 [4] L.
Zhang: Materials Research Bulletin Vol. 35, p. 1653-1659 [8] W.
Li: Materials Letters Vol. 61, p. 3218-3220 [9] K.
Rao: Materials Research Bulletin Vol. 40, p. 831-839

High performance concrete has developed from 1980s, it is a new achievement in the modern cement material and engineering science.
Materials 1.
In this test, the total mass of cementitious materials is fixed.
In each hydration age, we can see the porosity of harden paste compounded with several cementitious materials is lower than few cementitious materials, and the dense level of multi-cementitious material system is better.
Study on the Effects of Mineral Admixtures on Densenness of Fresh Cement Paste[J].Journal of Building Materials，2002,5（1）：21-25 [4]Lange F,Mortel H,Rudert V.

Electric spark of alloying – ESA – from the standpoint of materialogy, a new stage in the development of the materials science, is a method of surface hardening that refers to technologies meeting the new development vector of the materials science, including its most important sections – surface materialogy.
The study of the surface in modern materials science becomes increasingly distinct in a separate section of the surface materialogy.
At the same time, unlike materials science, non-traditional raw materials and technologies can be used to obtain new materials in the materialogy of the surface, taking into account the entropy-ecological factor [2, 3].
The ESA method corresponds to the new vector of the materials science development, its most important section – surface materials, which includes subsections on the study and improvement of the properties of the products executive surfaces, which requires further studies. 2.
Egorov, Electrode materials for electrospark doping, M .: Science, 1988, 224 p

Besides, low Z materials or low atomic number of materials also may be used as alternative due to its capability to absorb radiation and tend to avoid a decay reaction that will give rise of scattered energetic particles [4].
Boeing 747 is using 68% of aluminum on structural materials [15].
Boron and nitrogen are materials that are greatly capable to absorb the EM radiation [4, 5, 19].
However, these materials are not capable enough against cumulative EM radiation.
Siddiqui, Aircraft Materials and Analysis.

Development and Application of 16MnR Materials Database of Pressure Vessel in Software DEFORM-3D Bolin Hea, Wang Binb School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China ahebolin@163.com, bwangbinhappy131415@163.com Keywords: finite element simulation, materials database, 16MnR steel, pressure vessel Abstract.
Some data in DEFORM-3D material database is still imperfect, some physical performance data of alloy is incomplete, some materials don’t exist in material database, such as 16MnR.
Acknowledgements The work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(51065010) and the Nature Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (2009GZC0016).
Finite element simulation technique and application of metal plastic forming, Science Press, Beijing, 2008(in Chinese)
Development and application of materials database of finite element simulation software DEFORM, Materials Riview, 2011, 25(4): 131-132(in Chinese)

In spite of many advantages of PCMs, the efficient use of these materials as thermal storage systems is generally affected by the low thermal conductivity which severely limits the rate of absorbing and releasing heat from and to the heat sink or source.
Gosselin: International Journal of Thermal Sciences Vol. 49-11 (2010), no. 11, p. 2148-2156 [6] L.
Tan: International Journal of Thermal Sciences Vol. 51 (2012), p. 77-83 [9] D.
Yap, and a Mujumdar: International Journal of Thermal Sciences Vol. 47-8 (2008), p. 1055-1068 [12] C.
Viskanta: Journal Heat Transfer Vol. 108 (1986), p. 174-181

Introduction Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are a comparatively a new class of materials with continuously changing material properties from metal to ceramic surface, in the thickness direction.
Praveen, Simulation of Traditional Composites under Thermal Loads, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, Vol. 2, 2013,pp. 273-278
Panda, Effect of temperature on stability behaviour of functionally graded spherical panel, Materials Science and Engineering 75, 2015
Megueni , Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Plates with Simply Supported Edges, Leonardo Journal of Sciences, December, Vol. 15, 2009, pp. 21-32
Touloukian, Properties of high temperature solid materials, McMillan, New York , 1967

In recent years this technology has reached the field of phase change materials in order to improve their behavior.
The manufacture of microencapsulated phase change materials suitable for the design of thermally enhanced fabrics.
Journal of Colloid Science 1965;20:267–77
Natural convection heat transfer in an enclosure with suspensions of microencapsulated phase change materials.
Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 1996;33:278-84