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A workpiece is in complete contact with the surface of a super-abrasive grinding wheel, and the cutting force of a single grain on the abrasive wheel becomes smaller while the number of effective cutting edges increases.
References [1] T.Kuriyagawa, K.Nishihara, S.Suzuki, Yinbiao Gou and K.Syoji: Improvement of Machined Surface Quality in Ultra-Precision Plane Honing, Key Engineering Materials, Vols. 238 - 239 (2003), pp.237-242 [2] T.Iyama, K.Shoji, H.Hagiwara : Study on Plane Honing with Fine-grained Grinding Wheel (1st Report, Truing Conditions for a Low Grade Wheel), Journal of the Japan Society for Abrasive Technology(JSAT), Vol.34(1990), No.1, pp.27-32 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Inner diameter of truer r t mm Difference between min and max of contact length mm/rev R t=225mm R t=200mm R t=175mm R t=150mm R t=125mm Figure 10 The influence of truer shape upon flatness of grinding wheel surface

Chang 81 sand groups are chiefly middle grained sandstone with subangular grain.
Feldspar is the main dissolvable mineral in study area, well developed in this area, the dissolution can form a certain number of intragranular dissolved pores (fig.4-b).

A number of the investigations were administered on an effort basis to realize optimum bonding conditions.
The microphotography on 304L SS after welding, its heat-affected zone structure is elongated grain is found as shown in Fig. 5 (a).
· The macro and microstructure examinations on 304L SS after welding, its heat-affected zone structure is found elongated grains, least amount of δ-ferrite and also the high amount of austenite is found in the weld zone is well matched with the base metal structure.

Numbers of trials are carried out to observe the complete melting of the bulk metallic material.
Referring to Fig. 3b, alpha and beta phases are blended and have formed elongated grain like structure resulting in increased ductility and tensile strength.
SEM observations indicate the clear formation of alpha and beta phases with elongated grain like structure in the CM and MWM brass specimens resulting in high strength to the material.

Introduction A great number of studies investigated the interaction of a planar solid/liquid interface with inert particles since 1964 [1-5].
Metallic and ceramic powders with the same order of grain size (Ø 10 µm) were mixed by mortar and pestle in a glove box under pure Argon-Atmosphere (Argon 4.0, purified, <1ppm O2, <1ppm H2O).
The Nickel matrix (grey) shows a grain refined structure due to the large undercooling of 150 K.

The seeded growth of GaN single crystals on high-quality GaN seeds by this method has the advantage of producing high-crystallinity GaN single crystals, but the growth habit of bulk crystals must be controlled, as the shape of the resulting bulk crystal detemines the number of wafers that can be produced.
A seed crystal was placed in a ceramic crucible, and the starting materials (metallic Ga (purity: 6N), metallic Na (purity: 4N), and graphite grains (purity: 6N)) were added to the crucible in an Ar-filled globe box.
Graphite grains were added to prevent the growth of polycrystals on the crucible wall.

Precipitates, grain boundaries, dislocations and stress fields act as effective barriers to domain wall motion so that MBN is sensitive to microstructure, elastic and plastic deformation in ferromagnetic materials [1,2].
Vincent et al. [5] have used MBN for investigating strain induced α’-martensite during low cycle fatigue of stainless steels, Błachnio [6] has shown that the any change in dislocation distribution and the accompanying increase in the misorientation of sub-grains as well as the modification of retained austenite precipitates both considerably affect MBN intensity.
There are a number of problems in the experimental investigation of martensitic transformations that have challenged the creativity of experimental metallurgists.

A large number of buildings damaged in this earthquake and provides us valuable data.
In fact, brick-timber structures have fewer floors and less vertical load; and wood has great performances of elasticity, tension along the grain and shear across the grain; the roof can form a good space system with around walls by the lateral brace.

The transitions peaks tend to dislocate ourselves to major temperatures with grain size or/and heat rate increases 1-2.
Besides the oxide complexities, in others words the number of different elements, visualized in XRF for raw silica can also affect the peak position.
It also may be noted the grain morphology changing increasing heat treatments temperature.

So, a number of surface modification techniques have been developed to satisfy the requirements, such as laser cladding, plasma spraying and Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) cladding.
Li et al. [3] reported that the microstructure of the laser cladding Ni-based alloy (Ni-15.1B-14.4Cr-7.5Si-3.1C-1.0Fe) is composed of blocky CrB type chromium carbon borides, orthorhombic structured Cr7C3 type dendritic carbides, cellular-dendritic γ-Ni solid solution, different interdendritic eutectics and amorphous phase along grain boundaries.
As a result of hard phase precipitation and grain refining strengthening, the microhardness of the coatings with addition of CeO2 was increased 40-70 HV compared with that of the coating without CeO2.