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Here are some examples: Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators, these are actuators made of wires and its length changes to around 5% when heated by a current of a level of 2 A.
The first test was air pressure test, this aimed to ensure the legitimacy of the movement principles used on the actuators design.
The second one was fluid test and this was aiming to test the ER fluid practicality.
S., “Human psychophysics for teleaction system design”, Haptic-e: The Electronic Journal of Haptics Research, 2000
[15] Barlow, F., W., “Rubber compounding: principles, material and techniques”, 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, 1993

This is especially desired for weakly absorbing materials or multi-phase compounds, where similar absorption properties result in low-contrast images [1, 2].
The fibres were coated (30 µm) with the titanium base alloy Ti-6242 by magnetron sputtering and then bundled and formed by Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP).
The aim is to further understand the damage mechanisms occurring, in order to enhance the damage tolerance properties of future composite materials.
Uyama, A Simple X Ray Dark- and Bright-Field Imaging Using Achromatic Laue Optics, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1, 41 (2002) L1016-L1018
Klobes, Characterisation of porous titania yttrium oxide compounds by mercury intrusion porosimetry and X-ray refractometry, Journal of Porous Materials 18 (2011) 83-88

Method This study was compiled with a secondary data analysis method of journals from several databases such as ScienceDirect, Scopus, RSC Advances, Elsevier, IOP Publishing, and Google Scholar.
The optimal sintering temperature condition aims to minimize the faster capacity loss due to changes in the surface structure of the cathode material and electrolyte decomposition [30].
Alloys Compd. 843 (2020) 155615
Amine, LixNi0.25Mn0.75Oy (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 2, 2 ≤ y ≤ 2.75) compounds for high-energy lithium-ion batteries, J.
Alloys Compd. 818 (2020)

An illustration is provided by the Snoek relaxation observed in metals and alloys.
Morianez, Journal de Chimie Physique 68, 436 (1971)
Alloys and Compounds 310, 368-373 (2000)
Dolmazon, European Physical Journal E - Soft Matter. 3, 55 (2000)
David, European Physical Journal-Part B, B10, 277 (1999)

Biodegradable materials are diverse classes of materials that can degrade by natural processes into compounds harmless to the environment.
Another important functionalization strategy for biodegradable polymers consists of the incorporation of antioxidant compounds from natural sources.
Research is continuously seeking to overcome some of these challenges by developing new approaches for the stabilization of compounds and optimization of processing and release kinetics.
Plant-derived compounds are another promising alternative for antimicrobial functionalization of biodegradable polymers.
Important release kinetics of antioxidant compounds from biodegradable polymer matrices are crucial for extending the life of a product.

The aim of this work is to provide guideline for the intensive studies of BiVO4 in future.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2010, 114(11): 5073-5079
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 1995, 7(37): 7309
J Alloy Compd. 2013, 548: 70-76
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2011, 115(16): 8064-8071

This paper aims to investigate the behaviour of springback deviation which may be reduced using the change of forming conception such as: crash forming, holding and stamping or stamping with pad.
The accuracy of compensation effectiveness prediction is one of the main challenges in designing of a tool construction with the aim of which minimize its trials.
The steel structure is formed by the compound in a die form of martensitic precipitates on fine-grained ferrite warp.
Thanks to these factors, that steel has a lower springback effect than HSLA alloy steel with comparative strength.
Eserc; Sheet metal forming analysis with any emphasis on the sprinback deformation; Journal of materials processing technology; (2008); 135–148; [2] X.

Luminescence Scenario in India Investigations on Luminescence in India [15] seem to have started around 1920; the main centres were Bangalore, Calcutta and Dacca, and 21 research papers were contributed in national and international journals from these centres during 1923-1940.
Studies on luminescence of dye-stuffs, organic compounds, rare earth compounds and natural minerals like ruby, diamond and corundum, etc. exposed to ultra-violet and visible radiations were reported in these papers.
The realisation of this aim had indeed to wait for many years until some non-luminescent diamonds came into the possession of the Scientist Raman.
They created different gallium nitride alloys using aluminium or indium, and the LED’s structure became increasingly complex.
Freund, Rocks that crackle and sparkle and glow: Strange pre-earthquake phenomena, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 17 (2003) 37–71

Properties of aluminium oxide coating on aluminium alloy produced by micro-arc oxidation.
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 21, pp.2481-2514
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 31, no. 2 (2021): 96-103
Journal of materials chemistry A, 7(5), pp.1936-1963
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 65:460–464, 1982

A material process engineer aims to achieve desired properties by distributing atomic, molecular or ionic species in different phases to achieve desired properties.
One would like to add further that unlike isothermal-isobaric gaseous systems where pressure helps in maintaining the number of atoms per unit volume constant, in substitutional alloys, the total number of vacancies may not get conserved as the diffusion proceeds.
For example, wustite shows a large deviation from the stoichiometric compound, FeO, by having Fe3+ ions in the cation sublattice.
Carburization of steels containing carbide forming alloying elements Many alloy steels contains carbide forming elements such Cr, Nb, W, Ti, etc.
Sherif, Phase Transformation in Metals and Alloys (3rd edition), CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, New York (2008)