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However, conventional photolithography requires size reduction technique or process to achieve nano-scale devices [4-5].
Based on experimental data, in order to achieve the target gap size of 0.98μm, an optimization was made due to produce semiconductor chip biosensor.
Nazwa, “5 nm gap via conventional photolithography and pattern-size reduction technique,” Int.

References [1] E.Isakov,” Cutting Data for turning of steel,” Industrial Press,Inc. 989 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10018, pp.316, 2009, ISBN 978 – 0 – 8311- 3314-6 [2] J.Zajac, et.al., ”Cutting facilities of new type of came cutting material.”
Pandová: Natural zeolite-clinoptilolite - raw material serviceable in the reduction of toxical components at combustion engines noxious gases.
Dubayová: Natural and modified clinoptilolite testing for reduction of harmful substance in manufacturing exploitation.

Materials and methods of investigation Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared by chemical reduction of HAuCl4 and modification of the surface of the graphite electrode (GE) was carried out as described in [11].
This method allows to increase the detection sensitivity of Met on seven orders of magnitude compared with the data of work [9].
[2] Hoshi T., Heinemann S.H, Regulation of cell function by methionine oxidation and reduction, J.

In landscape planning design, the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) [1] can be applied to establish the resistance surface, which considers the limitation of basic data and the ease of operation.
Table 1 and Fig. 2 summarize the bandwidths of buffer zones for water quality protection and noise reduction, respectively, which provide a guide for establishing the vegetation buffer zone.
Width of buffer zone for water quality protection Protection objective Width of buffer zone Min Mean Max Water quality-nutrient 10-15m 15-25m 35m Water quality-BOD 5m - 150m Water quality-sediment 20m 20-80m 130m Instrean conservation 5m 5-25m 90m Bank stability 10m 10-30m 100m Bankside conservation 20m 20-80m 160m Flood defence - - 300m Recreation - - 300m Fig. 2 Width of buffer zones for noise reduction Wetland landscape possesses many functions such as protecting species diversity, stabilizing adjacent ecosystems, purifying the water body, and reducing flood damage, among others.

To data, thin AlN films have been prepared by using chemical vapor deposition [8], reactive sputtering [4, 7, 9, 10], pulsed laser deposition [11], and ion beam enhanced deposition [12].
It can be seen from Fig.1 that a scattering (110) diffraction peak occurs in the XRD pattern of the AlN film deposited at a bias of -500V, which confirms reduction in crystallite size, i.e. grain refinement.
The reduction in the crystallite size may be interpreted as a result of increasing binding sites induced by increasing ion energy [20].

The supernatants were analysed and 100% of Pd reduction was confirmed as previously described [7].
Results and Discussion It was shown previously that Pd and Pt can be recovered from liquid wastes by sulphate-reducing bacteria using hydrogenase to split H2 and coupling this oxidation to the reduction of soluble Pd(II) and other PM ions to form metallic deposits of Pd(0) and PM(0) on to the biomass [3].
The variation was within 5% and representative data are shown.

Contrary to structural integration of sensor and actuator, the self-sensing actuator has a number of advantages [1]: 1) The operation point of the measuring and control signal is the same, so as to realize the same position control. 2) Due to reduction of system accessional mass, the response of the SSA is more faster. 3) The reduction of the structure and weight of the SSA cause it to be suitable for MEMS. 4) Because of the absence of a independent sensor, the manufacture cost is lower.
Validating Experiments Experiment System Set-up.The experiment system set-up is depicted in Fig. 2. consists of computer, A/D(D/A)data acquisition card, high voltage amplifier, vibration isolating work table, piezoceramic actuator, integrator, discharge circuit, displacement sensor, subtracter amplifier and low-pass filter.

The significant increase of oxygen permeability and reduction of the water vapor permeability for the cellulose/modified nano-SiO2 composites films can be achieved with this method.
Small specimens with dimensions of 80×15mm were used for mechanical tests, and 5 measurements were carried out for each data point.
However, the tensile strength and the elongation begin to decrease, as the weight percent of inorganic particles increases continuously, suggesting that the high concentration of modified nano-SiO2 dominates the natural incompatibility of the inorganic and organic phases, and thus results in a reduction in toughness.

Therefore, DFGC is a new design idea to use advanced design concepts and methods in product structure, material, process, etc. to make the product technicality, economy and environmental compatibility unity effectively, based on comprehensive consideration of relevant information (environment, economic, technical information) in the full life cycle.It is undoubtedly a significant meaning that apply DFGC concept to associated design of endless rope winch to achieve energy saving and cost reduction nowadays.
Data[6] indicate that the rate of electricity saved can reach 30% or more by using frequency conversion variable speed motor, the effect of energy saving is apparent.
Its first reduction uses spiral bevel gear drive, which can improve the bearing capacity and achieve the input shaft and the output one perpendicular, so that the motor and reducer could be arranged in the same straight line to prevent the rope pulling around the traction motor, thus avoiding the additional expenses caused by the installation of more guide wheels and other infrastructure projects.

The surface roughness reduction is evident as the depth of cut increases from 23.5 mµ to 40 mµ .
The surface roughness reduction is evident as the nose radius increases from 0.2mm to 0.8mm.
Summary As previously described, a series of machining experiments concerning cutting parameters and nose radius are carried out under precision turning to obtain the data needed for developing the surface 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 23.5 30 40 50 56.8 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 13 20 30 40 47 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.4 (a)Depth of cut ( )mµ (b) Feed rate ( )mµ (c) Nose radius (mm) 13f mµ= 0.8r mmε= 56.8pa mµ= 0.8r mmε= 13f mµ= 56.8pa mµ= Fig.4.