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Finally, some simulations on the influence factor of deicing process are implemented.
The basic model parameters such as material thermal property, size of wing and icing parameters are listed in Table 1.
The influence factors on deicing process were researched by simulation.
Finally, the simulation results indicated that the temperature and flow quantity of deicing fluid leaded to the change of surface temperature of wing, which directly affected the efficiency of deicing process of aircraft on the ground.
Laforte: Physical Properties of Aircraft De-icing and Anti-IcingFluids.

The more affected countries are Russia, Canada, the United States, Japan, Finland, as well as China.
According to the date issued by the State Council Information Office, ice disaster in south China in 2008 affected 19 provinces (autonomous regions or municipalities) in different degree and caused economic losses as high as 53.7 billion yuan [1,2].
At present, there are more than 30 kinds of methods [3,4,5] to deicing and anti-icing, which can be divided into mechanical deicing and thermal ice-thaw.
Mechanical deicing is less power consumption but inefficient, and always requires manual intervention.
The mechanical property of the covered ice as well as the particularity of operation object brings many uncertain factors to the choice of deicing methods.

Introduction The computational modeling of aluminium alloys has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to their constantly growing application in the automotive and aircraft industrial sectors which require the use of materials with a light weight but good mechanical and corrosion resistant properties.
When temperature and deformation simultaneously affect the material, as in hot rolling, study of microstructure and properties evolution becomes even more complex.
With constant development of numerical methods the simulation of material properties under different product processing parameters is becoming more realistic nowadays.
Vitos, Modelling mechanical properties for non-hardenable aluminium alloys, Comp.
Rønning, Modelling the evolution in microstructure and properties during processing of aluminium alloys, J.

(in Chinese) [3] Padadakis V G, Vayenas C G, Physical and chemical characteristics affecting the durability of concrete [J].
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Fly Ash Based Geopolymeric Polymer Recycled Concrete [J].
A review of carbonation in reinforced concrete(Ⅲ)——Migration of corrosive factors in concrete[J].Concrete,2006,(1):51-54.
Mechanical properties and microstructure analysis of fly ash geopolymeric recycled concrete[J].
Discussion on Properties and Microstructure of Geopolymer Concrete Containing Fly Ash and Recycled Aggregate[J].

Fatigue life is one of the important factors in design since majority of engineering components are subjected to variable loading.
Most of mechanical components in engineering practice are subjected to combined loading, which can lead to sudden fatigue failure.
The shape of the structure will significantly affect the fatigue life; sharp corners or notches will lead to elevated local stresses where fatigue cracks can initiate.
The experimental work was realized at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Brno University of Technology.
The Papuga criterion gives very good results for smooth samples but bad results for notched samples, which can be accounted for an inconvenient use of the method [18], not for the properties of the criterion itself.

This study investigates the possibility to recycle basic thermoplastics and its effect on the mechanical properties of the recycled materials.
Kristiawan et al., 2121 [8] investigated the factors that affect 3D printing results using the FDM process by determining FDM parameters and their effects and interaction with other parameters.
However, it has been well documented in the literature that recycled pellets have low and inconsistent mechanical properties resulting in a cheaper recycled products [12].
Mechanical properties of the printed parts are determined. 9.
These properties include their fire resistance, acoustics properties, durability, water absorption, heat insulation, and thermal properties.

Hardness and toughness have been identified as significant factors effecting cavitation erosion of materials.
Erosion mechanism of steel was mainly plastic deformation, whereas in case of coating, (i) lack of adhesion between splats (ii) lower toughness of alumina (iii) loosely bonded un-melted alumina particles, were dominant factor controlling the erosion mechanism of coating.
Among various types of coatings, cermet coating provide better combination of requirement properties.
The low fracture toughness of alumina seems to be Fig. 4: Resistance against cavitation erosion offered by uncoated and coated steel one of the major controlling factors in the erosion response of the coating.
In present case, lack of adhesion between Ni and Al2O3 splat affected the erosion resistance.

Good agreements between analytical and experimental results of load-displacement relation are found, which indicates that the proposed analytical method can reflect the global mechanical behavior of shear wall well.
It is necessary to reveal the properties of materials and characteristics of response features [2] (such as neutral axis migration, concrete tension-stiffening, progressive crack closure, nonlinear shear behavior, and the effect of fluctuating axial force and transverse reinforcement on strength, stiffness, and deformation capacity).
The key of theory of reinforced concrete membrane elements to consider coupled flexural and shear response for RC panel is to obtain a reliable model of two dimensions behavior[8] , therefore Thorenfeldt curve[9] with a compression softening factor is introduced for constitutive skeleton curve of compressive concrete, which is given as:
The reduction factor to be applied to the peak compressive stress for concrete in compression is given as:
The constitutive law of concrete affects the accuracy of analytical response of boundary zone of shear wall immediately.

Introduction Silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (SiCp/Al) possess many outstanding properties such as high specific stiffness, high wear resistance, low density, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, low fabrication cost, easy shaping etc., which make them find increasing application in automobile, aerospace, electronics and medical industries [1,2].
It is noticed that the surface generation of SiCp/Al composites was greatly affected by the removal process of SiC particle.
Material swelling and tool-workpiece relative vibration are also the important factors that affect surface generation of SiCp/Al composites.
As shown in Figs.4(a) and (b), when machining the matrix material, the value of surface roughness Rmax in practice cutting is far bigger than of ideal surface roughness, which attributes to the tool-workpiece relative vibration that induced by all kinds of factors.
Due to the nonuniform and anisotropic nature of SiCp/Al composites and the inherent defects in the material, the mechanical performance of its different part varies significantly in the micro level.

But the generation of linear motor makes it possible that electrical energy directly converted into the mechanical energy of linear motion.
As a kind of special motor, due to the particularity of the running applications and working systems, as well as the special characteristics of motor structure (without ventilation cooling device)[3], as the increasing capacity ,the hot issues of linear motor are also prominent. when the temperature exceeds allowed working temperature, the electrical and mechanical properties of the motor will change, and this will affect motor’s performance and using life, so research on the temperature rise problem of linear motor is very important.
Motor loss includs copper loss, iron loss, mechanical loss and so on.
[10] Wu Jianwen, Li Decheng: Modern motor testing technology, Beijing: Mechanical industry press(2006)
[11] Hu Yan, Wu Jianwen, Li Decheng: Small motor modern practical design techniques, Beijing: Mechanical industry press (2008)