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Online since: January 2020
Authors: O. Soares da Silva, F. Bezerra da Costa, G.N. Barros Sales, K. Gomes da Silva, R. Bernadino Filho, B.A. Araújo de Sousa, A.X. Mesquita de Queiroga
Dehydration of food products is a widely used process to improve food stability by reducing the water activity of the product, with consequent reduction of microbiological activity and minimization of some physical and chemical changes during storage [9].
The increase in the demand for food in the world has motivated the search for alternative sources for food as well as for new technological processes, aiming at the reduction of the costs of products and of positive impact in meeting the nutritional demands [12].
Firstly, each part of the tamarind (shell, pulp and seeds) was subjected to a fractionation process, that is, the reduction to the maximum possible size of the raw material.
One factor that may explain the reduction of the drying time of the pulp in relation to the bark and the seeds was the fact that the peels and the seeds have spread more evenly on the plate when compared to the pulp.
These data demonstrate that the flour can be considered a good energetic source, especially the flour of the peels.
The increase in the demand for food in the world has motivated the search for alternative sources for food as well as for new technological processes, aiming at the reduction of the costs of products and of positive impact in meeting the nutritional demands [12].
Firstly, each part of the tamarind (shell, pulp and seeds) was subjected to a fractionation process, that is, the reduction to the maximum possible size of the raw material.
One factor that may explain the reduction of the drying time of the pulp in relation to the bark and the seeds was the fact that the peels and the seeds have spread more evenly on the plate when compared to the pulp.
These data demonstrate that the flour can be considered a good energetic source, especially the flour of the peels.
Online since: November 2017
Authors: Rudzani A. Sigwadi, Mokhotjwa Simon Dhlamini, Patrick Nonjola, Touhami Mokrani
The stabilization by particle size reduction method has attracted many researchers due to their high specific surface area and porosity for promoting adsorption.
TGA data was obtained with model STA (Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer) 1500 (Rheometric Scientific Ltd, UK), over nitrogen and at a heating rate of 10°C/min from 50oC to 1000oC.
TEM analysis revealed more crystalline particles and a reduction in particle size of zirconia nanopartcles as shown in Figure 4 (b-f).
We found that higher temperature reaction have effect on the size reduction of zirconia nanoparticles, which will be a filler in Nafion® membrane.
The size reduction was also confirmed by HR-TEM atomic structure shown in Figure 5.
TGA data was obtained with model STA (Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer) 1500 (Rheometric Scientific Ltd, UK), over nitrogen and at a heating rate of 10°C/min from 50oC to 1000oC.
TEM analysis revealed more crystalline particles and a reduction in particle size of zirconia nanopartcles as shown in Figure 4 (b-f).
We found that higher temperature reaction have effect on the size reduction of zirconia nanoparticles, which will be a filler in Nafion® membrane.
The size reduction was also confirmed by HR-TEM atomic structure shown in Figure 5.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Wen Fang Wu, Yao Hsu, Ching Ming Cheng
Here we emphasize that data flow should be integrated as following section - Methodology.
A reduction in Severity Ranking index can be effected only through a design change.
Contact A Contact B N/O Contact Parameter changed Conducted failure 1.92 F Forming failure 1.2 3D Geometry Drawing & Checking 0.024 0.055 Robust schemed design rule→Design Guide RD Engineer 11/18/’09 Design Guide 1.92 0.027 0.024 0.001 Conducted unstably 1.92 F Forming failure 1.44 3D Geometry Drawing & Checking 0.024 0.066 Robust schemed design rule→Design Guide RD Engineer 11/18/’09 Design Guide 1.92 0.36 0.024 0.017 Outline Deformation Conducted unstably 1.92 F Forming failure 1.44 Trial run 0.024 0.066 PFMEA ME / QC Engineer 11/18/’09 SOP SIP 1.92 0.36 0.024 0.017 Arcing stick 1.92 F Forming failure 1.2 Trial run 0.024 0.055 PFMEA ME / QC Engineer 11/18/’09 SOP SIP 1.92 0.27 0.024 0.012 Ingredient degraded Conducted unstably 1.92 F Material defect 0.36 XRF data 0.346 0.239 Approval process RD Engineer 11/18/’09 ICP data 1.92 0.18 0.346 0.120 Contact wear out 1.92 F Material defect 1.2 XRF data 0.346 0.797 Approval process RD Engineer 11/18/’09 ICP data 1.92 0.27
Armature Parameter changed Conducted failure 1.92 F Material defect 1.2 Measuring 0.024 0.055 Approval process RD Engineer 11/18/’09 Cpk data 1.92 0.27 0.024 0.012 Conducted unstably 1.92 F Material defect 1.44 Measuring 0.024 0.066 Approval process RD Engineer 11/18/’09 Cpk data 1.92 0.36 0.024 0.017 Outline deformation Conducted failure 1.92 F Material defect 1.2 Measuring 0.024 0.055 PFMEA ME / QC Engineer 11/18/’09 SOP SIP 1.92 0.27 0.024 0.012 Conducted unstably 1.92 F Material defect 1.44 Measuring 0.024 0.066 PFMEA ME / QC Engineer 11/18/’09 SOP SIP 1.92 0.36 0.024 0.017 9.
Most of FMEA will be generated during design stage is limited to specific stage without on-going and on-site data collection, despite to be concerned by usefully feedback way - 8D Report practically.
A reduction in Severity Ranking index can be effected only through a design change.
Contact A Contact B N/O Contact Parameter changed Conducted failure 1.92 F Forming failure 1.2 3D Geometry Drawing & Checking 0.024 0.055 Robust schemed design rule→Design Guide RD Engineer 11/18/’09 Design Guide 1.92 0.027 0.024 0.001 Conducted unstably 1.92 F Forming failure 1.44 3D Geometry Drawing & Checking 0.024 0.066 Robust schemed design rule→Design Guide RD Engineer 11/18/’09 Design Guide 1.92 0.36 0.024 0.017 Outline Deformation Conducted unstably 1.92 F Forming failure 1.44 Trial run 0.024 0.066 PFMEA ME / QC Engineer 11/18/’09 SOP SIP 1.92 0.36 0.024 0.017 Arcing stick 1.92 F Forming failure 1.2 Trial run 0.024 0.055 PFMEA ME / QC Engineer 11/18/’09 SOP SIP 1.92 0.27 0.024 0.012 Ingredient degraded Conducted unstably 1.92 F Material defect 0.36 XRF data 0.346 0.239 Approval process RD Engineer 11/18/’09 ICP data 1.92 0.18 0.346 0.120 Contact wear out 1.92 F Material defect 1.2 XRF data 0.346 0.797 Approval process RD Engineer 11/18/’09 ICP data 1.92 0.27
Armature Parameter changed Conducted failure 1.92 F Material defect 1.2 Measuring 0.024 0.055 Approval process RD Engineer 11/18/’09 Cpk data 1.92 0.27 0.024 0.012 Conducted unstably 1.92 F Material defect 1.44 Measuring 0.024 0.066 Approval process RD Engineer 11/18/’09 Cpk data 1.92 0.36 0.024 0.017 Outline deformation Conducted failure 1.92 F Material defect 1.2 Measuring 0.024 0.055 PFMEA ME / QC Engineer 11/18/’09 SOP SIP 1.92 0.27 0.024 0.012 Conducted unstably 1.92 F Material defect 1.44 Measuring 0.024 0.066 PFMEA ME / QC Engineer 11/18/’09 SOP SIP 1.92 0.36 0.024 0.017 9.
Most of FMEA will be generated during design stage is limited to specific stage without on-going and on-site data collection, despite to be concerned by usefully feedback way - 8D Report practically.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Ming Gao, Ying Juan Sun, Yong Li Yang
Experimental data show that for the complexes of cell-THPC-thiourea-ADP with Ca2+, the activation energies and thermal decomposition temperatures are higher than those of cell-THPC-thiourea-ADP, which shows these metal ions can increase the thermal stability of cell-THPC-thiourea-ADP.
Heat release is distributed between two broad peaks covering a wide area, resulting in a major reduction in rate of heat release and flammable products which fuel the flaming combustion reaction.
Table 2 Thermal degradation and analytical data of samples 1-3 No.
Heat release is distributed between two broad peaks covering a wide area, resulting in a major reduction in rate of heat release and flammable products which fuel the flaming combustion reaction.
Table 2 Thermal degradation and analytical data of samples 1-3 No.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Andrew John Ruys, Ashish D. Diwan, Philip Boughton, G. Roger, James Merhebi, C. Kim, E. Clarke, Negin Amanat, R. Ho
The NiTi reinforced implants exhibited reduction in axial strain, compliance, and creep compared to TPE controls.
To suit the ovine lumbar model to reductions in BioFI™ dimensions were required.
The data rate was set to 4 Hz, recording data every 30 min during a 60s interval 3.
The test data saved in *.txt format. 7.
All but the final cycle is aimed at preconditioning the sample while the sixth cycle is used to record data. 11.
To suit the ovine lumbar model to reductions in BioFI™ dimensions were required.
The data rate was set to 4 Hz, recording data every 30 min during a 60s interval 3.
The test data saved in *.txt format. 7.
All but the final cycle is aimed at preconditioning the sample while the sixth cycle is used to record data. 11.
Online since: March 2008
Authors: Xue Ren Wu, J.Z. Liu, B. Chen, B.R. Hu, L.F. Wang
Limited
amounts of experimental data were used to make comparison with the predictions.
Because the width of HAZ is rather small, it is not easy to obtain the crack growth data in the HAZ.
Comparison of the crack growth rate data among parent metal, weld zone and HAZ are shown in Fig.8.
The obtained da/dN-∆Keff baseline data is given in Table 5, and shown in Fig.7 (b).
The data of the key weld defects from Tables 3 and 4 are used to verify the prediction.
Because the width of HAZ is rather small, it is not easy to obtain the crack growth data in the HAZ.
Comparison of the crack growth rate data among parent metal, weld zone and HAZ are shown in Fig.8.
The obtained da/dN-∆Keff baseline data is given in Table 5, and shown in Fig.7 (b).
The data of the key weld defects from Tables 3 and 4 are used to verify the prediction.
Online since: August 2015
Authors: Christopher Machio, Hilda Kundai Chikwanda, Ronald Machaka, Thembinkosi Shabalala
A literature survey on the applicability of the densification models indicates that different researchers have used different models to fit their experimental data, with varying degrees of success.
Models used to fit the density–compaction pressure data measured experimentally.
The constants ai and Bi are model specific parameters usually determined by non-linear squares fitting the compaction data to the respective equations.
b) a) Fig. 1. a) XRD pattern of TiH2-316L blended powders milled for 8hrs of MA; b) Morphology of milled powders Compaction models and data analysis.
As such, to assess the compressibility behaviour and mechanisms in the current study, the six compaction equations in Table 2 were fitted to data measured experimentally.
Models used to fit the density–compaction pressure data measured experimentally.
The constants ai and Bi are model specific parameters usually determined by non-linear squares fitting the compaction data to the respective equations.
b) a) Fig. 1. a) XRD pattern of TiH2-316L blended powders milled for 8hrs of MA; b) Morphology of milled powders Compaction models and data analysis.
As such, to assess the compressibility behaviour and mechanisms in the current study, the six compaction equations in Table 2 were fitted to data measured experimentally.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Sergey Sergeevich Yakovlev, Michail Vasilievich Gryazev, Vadim Yurievich Travin
Comparison of results of theoretical calculation against experimental data have shown satisfactory similarity.
The maximal difference between the theoretical and experimental data does not exceed 10 percent.
The extreme straining performance with are limited by the value of the accumulated microdamages (), and in case of they are limited by the maximal value of the axial stress at the exit from the seat of plastic deformation, The obtained results agree quantitatively and qualitatively with experimental data obtained by other researchers.
Taken as basic were mean arithmetic data for the maximum value of the force.
Blank (a) and semi-finished products after combined drawing (b) and after drawing with wall thickness loss (c) Comparing results of theoretical calculation to experimental data for the force parameters in drawing with thinning of the walls shows satisfactory agreement of the two.
The maximal difference between the theoretical and experimental data does not exceed 10 percent.
The extreme straining performance with are limited by the value of the accumulated microdamages (), and in case of they are limited by the maximal value of the axial stress at the exit from the seat of plastic deformation, The obtained results agree quantitatively and qualitatively with experimental data obtained by other researchers.
Taken as basic were mean arithmetic data for the maximum value of the force.
Blank (a) and semi-finished products after combined drawing (b) and after drawing with wall thickness loss (c) Comparing results of theoretical calculation to experimental data for the force parameters in drawing with thinning of the walls shows satisfactory agreement of the two.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Ying Ying Wu, Firman Mangasa Simanjuntak, Chun Feng Huang, Chen Chia Chou
Therefore, in order to maintain a nano-fiber structure, enhance the amount of TPB and obtain a uniform distribution of nano-Ni catalyst in the fiber anode, the maximum temperature of heat treatment process was kept at 1300 oC
Fig. 3 XRD data of Ce0.78Gd0.2Sr0.02O2-δ fiber at different sintering temperatures
Fig. 4 SEM image of Ce0.78Gd0.2Sr0.02O2-δ fiber after heat treatment for 2 hr at (a) 1000 oC (b) 1300 oC and (c) 1500 oC
The GDCSr fiber-powder composite paste was coated on the surface of GDCSr electrolyte by screen printing method and sintered in different temperatures to form a porous GDCSr fiber layer.
The reaction velocity of hydrogen reduction at TPB of the anodes was enhanced to generate more number of electrons by increasing of temperature, and therefore the values of logi0 of the Ni- GDCSr anode increase with an increase of operation temperature.
The logi0 of the anode, which increases with decreasing of Rp and double layer capacitance (Cdl) values, is attributed to easier migration of oxygen ion and fast reaction of hydrogen reduction to accelerate the reaction for combining hydrogen gas, oxygen ion and electron to produce water.
The reaction velocity of hydrogen reduction at TPB of the anodes was enhanced to generate more number of electrons by increasing of temperature, and therefore the values of logi0 of the Ni- GDCSr anode increase with an increase of operation temperature.
The logi0 of the anode, which increases with decreasing of Rp and double layer capacitance (Cdl) values, is attributed to easier migration of oxygen ion and fast reaction of hydrogen reduction to accelerate the reaction for combining hydrogen gas, oxygen ion and electron to produce water.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Ying Lv, Li Xia Wang, Dong Lu, Jing Sun, Jun Cai Sun
Up to date, there are many synthesis routes in preparing LiFePO4 [17], including solid-state reaction [18], carbothermal reduction method [19] and co-precipitation method, etc...Among these routes, the co-precipitation method for synthesizing LiFePO4 has some advantages such as a simple synthesis process and low energy consumption, which is important for a manufacturing process that produces electrochemically active LiFePO4 at a low cost.
The diffracted data of the synthesized materials were collected from 15° to 70° in 2θ range with a step size of 0.02°.
Swoyer, Lithium iron (II) phosphor-olivines prepared by a novel carbothermal reduction method.
The diffracted data of the synthesized materials were collected from 15° to 70° in 2θ range with a step size of 0.02°.
Swoyer, Lithium iron (II) phosphor-olivines prepared by a novel carbothermal reduction method.