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When the content of Fe is a large amount in cast iron alloys, the substrate is lacerated by Fe-phase at bulky needle phase, while some strip of brittle intermetallic compounds(such as FeSiAl5) are formed in the alloys, its mechanical properties are reduced[20].
The formation of α-Fe phase can be promoted and β-Fe phase can be restrained by these alloying elements, so the alloy properties are improved.
The alloy ductility and tensile properties can be improved adding Mo (0.2%) and S (0.1%) to 1.2% Fe alloys [42].
It can form globular or dendritic Fe which is no harmful effects for tensile properties.
Bulky Chinese script rich-Fe phase changed into a small globular cluster which is uniform distribution and significantly improves the mechanical properties of pure aluminum.

The resultant MMC samples were characterized to determine their thermal, electrical and mechanical properties in respect to varying particle sizes (212, 425, 710 and 1200 mm) of the SiC.
These properties were achieved for a 60%Cu/Al(40%SiC) at 212 µm, 50%Cu/Al(50%SiC at 12 µm and 70%Cu/Al(30%SiC) at 710 µm.
Copper and aluminum based materials are of high interest in these applications due to their properties, availability and relatively low cost.
In recent years, a great interest is being directed to the metal-matrix composites (MMCs) due to their superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, weight saving, increased component life, and improved recyclability [1 – 2].
The thermo- electrical properties will be discussed as a function of the reinforcement.

However, material mechanical properties and the contact condition between the rollers and plate are complex nonlinear relationship.
Fig. 2 Relationship between the plastic deformation ratio and the entry intermesh (a)Exit intermesh factor; (b) yield stress factor; (c) Young’s modulus factor; (d) material thickness factor; (e) leveling roller spacing factor; (f) initial curvature factor Plastic deformation ratio is a function of process parameters, such as intermesh, yield stress, material thickness, Young’s modulus, and so on.
Young’s modulus and roller spacing affect plastic deformation ratio but they do not changed the trend as shown in Fig.2 (c) and Fig.2 (e).

The shear strength of rocks was influenced by internal and external factors whose presence can reduce the shear strength of rocks.
Introduction Rocks in the field are discontinuous, anisotropic, and heterogeneous materials so that the physical and mechanical properties of rocks can vary even for rocks with the same lithology.
The shear strength of rocks is influenced by internal and external factors whose presence can reduce the magnitude of the shear strength in rocks.
One of the most common factors is the discontinuous plane that separates the blocks in the rock mass.
Physical properties test, physical properties test is carried out to see rock characteristics related to rock strength during mechanical testing.

Further, in some cases, they also determine the crack properties such as its width, shape, orientation and depth [2].
These factors cause the natural crack to be almost impossible to reproduce identically.
The crack width development is a crucial factor in studies dealing with the crack-related topics.
Ravitheja, Macro mechanical properties of self healing concrete with crystalline admixture under different environments, Ain Shams Eng J. 10(1) (2019) 23–32
Li, Factors affecting crack repairing capacity of bacteria-based self-healing concrete, Constr Build Mater. 87 (2015) 1–7

Corona, as an inevitable influence factor in insulator’s operation, its effect to the material could not be ignored.
And the effect way to study corona’s affect is use the artificial corona[3].
After 100 hours corona effect, the black product come out and the affect area showed a radial effect right under the needles.
It showed that the corona had chemical corrosion and mechanical erosion to the material.
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 6 No. 5, October 1999 [2]CIGRE WG D 1.14, “Material properties for non-ceramic outdoor insulation: State of the art”, Technical Brochure No. 255, 2004

Study on interface structure and in situ formation Mechanism in laser surface ceramic process Wei Li School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong Jiao’tong University, Ji’nan 250023, P.
So it’s important to improve the surface properties of titanium alloy by surface treatment to extend their applications.
In material design, the service property of the layer should be considered as well as the property matching between the matrix and ceramic phases, the size and composition of ceramic phases, interface bonding between the coating and matrix, etc. to develop the best property combination of composite components and produce excellent compound layer[1].
The growth pattern of TiC was affected by the autologous growth mechanisam and outer conditions such as laser technical parameters and cooling speed, thus there were larger difference in the morphological character and dimension of dentrites.
Besides, property advantages of different ceramic phases were developed and the harmful factors of single ceramic phase strengthening was restricted, which apparently improved the property of laser alloyed coatings.

Material properties of each component of spinal segment except annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus, assumed homogeneous and isotropic, were adopted from relevant literature [13-18].
Elevated stress concentration on the posterior instrumentation represents a significant factor contributing to mechanical failure, a complication frequently documented in fusion surgeries [39].
Miranda, Surgical risk factors associated with the development of adjacent segment pathology in the lumbar spine, EFORT open reviews. 6(10) (2021) 966-972
Shi, A meta-analysis of risk factors for cage migration after lumbar fusion surgery, World Neurosurgery: X. (2023). 100152
Orr, Factors influencing stresses in the lumbar spine after the insertion of intervertebral cages: finite element analysis, European spine journal. 12 (2003) 413-420.

Fatigue life is one of the important factors in design since majority of engineering components are subjected to variable loading.
Most of mechanical components in engineering practice are subjected to combined loading, which can lead to sudden fatigue failure.
The shape of the structure will significantly affect the fatigue life; sharp corners or notches will lead to elevated local stresses where fatigue cracks can initiate.
The experimental work was realized at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Brno University of Technology.
The Papuga criterion gives very good results for smooth samples but bad results for notched samples, which can be accounted for an inconvenient use of the method [18], not for the properties of the criterion itself.

Friction produces wear but wear affects the surface topography and by that the friction power itself.
A typical technical system with these properties are brake systems [Sev.95].
Fig.2: Patches on a brake pad These patches control and determine in a fundamental way the friction and wear properties of the brake system.
An example for an ancient brake material with such properties is wood (e.g. used to slow down windmills at forthcoming storms).
This suggest dynamical properties of friction and not only noise or malfunctions of the measurement chain. 4.