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%Cu during unidirectional solidification Guowei1* Chang, Shuying1 Chen, Qingchun1 Li, Lili2 Guo and Xudong1 Yue 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China; 2Jinzhou Jinheng Automotive Safety System Co., Ltd, Jinzhou 121006, China E-mail: g.w.chang@hotmail.com, csy740608@foxmail.com, lqcsusan@126.com, guolili4308@sohu.com, x.d.yue@163.com Keywords: Al-Cu alloy; metallic solidification; pulse electric field; columnar crystals Abstract.
Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Department of Education of Liaoning Province, China (No. 202152047) References [1] Li Jie, Ma Jianhong and Gao Yulai,et al: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 490 (2008), p. 452 [2] Ma Jianhong, Li Jie and Gao Yulai, et al: Materials Letters Vol. 63 (2009), p. 142 [3] Tang Yong, Wang Jingsong and Cang Daqing: Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 22 (2000), p. 307 [4] Song Juntao, Zhang Jun and Qin Hongxia,et al: Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 27 (2005), p. 564 [5] Cui Heng, Zong Yanbing, and Cang Daqiang,et al: Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 14 (2007), p. 317 [6] S.R.
Mcfadden: Journal of Crystal Growth Vol. 8-13 (2002), p. 237 [7] Chang Guowei, Wang Jingsong and Wang Jianzong, et al: ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA Vol. 17 (2004), p. 790 [8] Xiao Jimei: Alloy energy, Shanghai: Shanghai Technology Press, 1985: 259.
[9] Zhou Yizhou and Zhou Benlian: Chinese Journal of Matertials Research Vol. 14 (2000), p. 29

Sn-Bi system is one of the most promising candidates as the lead-free solder materials.
There are several candidates for lead-free solder materials, including Sn-Ag-Cu, Sn-Bi, Sn-Zn, Sn-Zn-Bi etc. [2-4].
Stafford, J. of Electronic Materials, Vol. 37, 2007, pp. 490-497
Ivey, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 19, 2008, pp. 553-562
Hu, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 158, 2011, pp.

In this research, a new Thermal Insulating Concrete Block (TICB) is produced via "sandwich" structure by spent polystyrene foam, cement and other raw materials.
Fig.4 Temperature change inside test rooms made by different wall materials (a) group 1 (b) group 2 Conclusions Developed TICB in this research satisfies the requirements of new wall material such as apparent density, compression strength, and thermal insulating property etc al.
Briefly, its comprehensive performance is superior to other wall materials'.
Architects' Journal (2006).
Strength and Insulating Properties of Building Blocks Made from Waste Materials.

,gazania was chose as experimental materials, pollen coat and its components were analyzed.
Materials and methods materials The test material: ‘Hongwen’ cultured in pot was chose as experimental materials and these samples were collected during flowering.
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2010, (1): 99- 101.
[9] Hu Zhou.Development of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method and its application in proteomic analysis[D].Bei jing：University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007:22-31.
Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2002,24(5/6):235-243.

Construction and Building materials 66 (2014): 286-298
Construction and Building Materials 59 (2014): 10-16
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 21, no. 6 (2009): 253-261
Computational Materials Science 82 (2014): 114-117
[17] American Society for Testing and Materials.

The covering materials chosen for the modelswere hand-woven cotton fabrics from four sources.
The sub materials were non-woven pressed fabrics.
Overall, hand-woven fabric from Narathiwat was the most suitable for covering materials.
Journal of Fibers and Polymers., 11(2): 161-166
International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology., 2011; 23(1): 6-24

Journal of sound and vibration, 1996, 193(1): 49-63
Journal of sound and vibration, 2006, 293(3): 865-872
Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2006, 294(4): 706-736
Journal of sound and vibration, 1996, 193(1): 175-184
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2006, 3(2):1-5 (in Chinese)

Shaban2,e 1Department of Physics, College of Education for pure Sciences Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. 2College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Samples were prepared using solid state reaction technique, suitable oxides alternatives of Tl2O3, NiO, SrO, CaO, BaO and CuO with 99.99% purity as raw materials and then mixed.
Even within completely crystalline materials, the degree of structural perfection can vary from one material to another depending on the method of preparation and purity.
Series: Materials Science and Engineering 871, (2020): 012079
Alwan, Materials Science and Technology (MS&T) October 25-29, (2009), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Copyright © 2009 MS&T’09® General Poster Session, (USA)

Materials and Methods Commercially pure titanium was cut into cylinder bars � 3 x12mm.
References [1] Andreas F.Von Recum: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol.18 (1984), p. 323-336 [2] B.Chehroudi, T.R.L.Gould and D.M.Brunette: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol. 26 (1992), p.493-515 [3] J.A.Jansen, Y.G.C.J.Paquay, J.P.C.M.van der Waerden: Biomaterials, Vol. 28(1994), p.1047-1054 [4] M.Gerritsen, Y.G.C.J.Paquay, J.A.Jansen: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, Vol. 9 (1008), p. 523-528 [5] J.A.Jansen, J.P.C.M.Van der Waerden, J.G.C.Wolke: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, Vol. 4 (1993), p. p.466-470 [6] B.C.Yang, Y.Wu, M.Tang, J.Y.Cheng, X.D.Zhang: Chinese Materials Conference 2002,10, D69 Fig.5 SEM-EDX photograph about Ca and P on the interface on the different Ti at 8 weeks A: anode oxidized Ti B: sandblasted Ti C B A Ti Ti tissue tissue

Study of Immersion Tin Plating on Copper by Galvanic Couple Current Method Xuehua Liu 1, 2, a, Dian Tang1, b, Shixue Wen 3, c 1Institute of Materials Research, Fuzhou University，Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China 2Department of Material Science and Engineering，Fujian University of Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000,China 3 Department of Mining, Metals and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2 apaopaotu326@hotmail.com, btangdian@fzu.edu.cn, cshixue.wen@elf.mcgill.ca.
Experimental Preparation of test materials.
Materials characterization.
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Natural Sciences Edition) 2010 (in press) (In Chinese) [15] J.L.
Lepisto: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 336, p. 52 [18] Y.