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The ultimate goal of e-paper is to reduce the use of paper in everyday life, and to do so by using writable data on paper-like display devices.
The reduction in the removal from the surface of the optical PET diaphragm after micro electroremoval for the ITO thin film coatings is 20 nm.
Compared with the experimental results, the small rotational diameter (D) of the anode and the small width (W) of the cathode accompanied by a large current rating and a fast feed rate of the workpiece, shows a reduction in the etching time.

H means the specimen’s height. 1.2.5 Statistical methods The experimental data were put into SPSS12.0 software package.
compressive strength（Mpa） flexural strength（Mpa） A(0.8wt%) 1.4898±0.0347 237.1572±2.6459 76.5830±1.5616 B(1.0wt%) 1.5996±0.4553 216.9204±1.4310* 63.5188±3.1464* C(1.2wt%) 1.9278±0.2276 195.4461±1.4301 52.4408±1.8256 D(control) 2.1903±0.2648 222.2386±6.3639 64.0502±3.1897 note：**compared with control group，P>0.05 Table 2 The compare of mean values of cured depth and mechanical strength in experimental and control groups （P value） groups cured depth compressive strength flexural strength A and D 0.000 0.000 0.000 B and D 0.000 0.081* 1.000* C and D 0.000 0.000 0.000 note：*compared with control group, P>0.05 The experimental result showed that, the curing depth increased with the reduction
The curing depth of the traditional material was lower, and the difference had statistics significance, but it could meet the international standard, and incomplete curing might be avoided through the suitable increase of the curing time, lighting direction and the reduction of the filling thickness.

Usage of microfluidic devices allow not only the reduction of the multiple samples used but also a quicker, more efficient and automate detection of different processes, which are optimal characteristics for a portable microfluidic solution, integrated in a microelectromechanical system (MEMS).
Nonetheless, surface modification is needed, with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) being an usual surface modifier and allowing a reduction in the contact angle of PMMA from around 70˚ to around 38˚ hence increasing the capillary effect [11].
Further work should focus on the optimization of the occurring filling process and study of new designs, based on the data presented in this work.

Introduction The application of magnesium in the automotive industry has expanded in tandem with increasingly stringent automotive weight restrictions and greater demand for weight reduction [1-5].
Zhu, Study on Fe reduction in AZ91 melt by B2O3, Mater.
Mordike (Eds.), Magnesium Technology: Metallurgy, Design Data, Applications, Springer, Berlin, 2005.

In order to spatially control the incipient nucleation event, a stress concentrator is created by a slight (2%) reduction of the radius at the fixed end (hence disturbing the mesh uniformity in four elements; the stress induced phase transformation is then initiated there and propagates up along the wire in our setting).
Radial deformation was multiplied by three to illustrate reduction of the wire diameter behind the martensitic band front.
Further simulations compared with unique experimental data obtained by the 3D-XRD method can be found in [19].

Upon sintering at higher temperature particularly at 1500°C, the sample for 0.5 and 1 wt % exhibits a reduction in bulk density as it reduced to 98.52 % and 96.2 % respectively.
Based on Fig. 1, it is found that there is a significant reduction in the sintering temperature of Y-TZP doped with Fe2O3.
This is in agreement with the data obtained from the XRD phase analysis as there were small amount of monoclinic phase was detected from the samples for 1 wt% Fe2O3 when sintering temperature of 1500°C.

Introduction Reduction in the weight of engines is a key factor in improving the fuel efficiency.
Reduction of about 110 kg in a typical automobile of weight 1100 kg will improve fuel economy by 7% [2].
Quasistationary data were obtained by applying linear potential rate at 2 mV·min-1.

The reduction in density of the PU/silk fibre composites may be due to the low bulk density of the silk fibre.
Data obtained from TGA analysis of silk fibre, (A) neat TDI PU, (B) 5% silk fibre TDI PU composite, (C) 10% silk fibre TDI-PU composite, (D) neat HDI PU, (E) 5% silk fibre HDI PU Wt of silk fiber in CEPU (wt. %) Weight loss at different temperature (%) 100 200 400 500 600 Silk fibre 3.0 4.4 45.0 67.0 95.0 A 0.3 2.0 58.0 85.0 99.0 B 0.6 2.0 57.0 84.0 98.5 C 0.1 3.0 60.0 84.0 98.5 D 0.4 1.2 49.0 85.0 99.0 E 0.9 2.0 42.5 84.0 99.0 F 1.2 2.3 46.3 84.0 98.5 Effect of biological fluids on swelling behavior: The swelling ratio of CEPUs and their composites with silk fibre in different physiological fluids (5 % urea, glucose, synthetic urine and saline water), Among the four different biological fluids, the samples in 5 % urea solution had shown the highest swelling ratio whereas the samples in saline solution showed lowest swelling ratio.
This result may be attributed to the reduction in the osmotic pressure difference between the composites and the salt solution with increasing ionic strength.

The energy efficiency of heat pump hosts and systems is calculated based on the test data, as well as the system's energy efficiency, economic and environmental benefits.
Table 4 shows the emission reductions of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and dust of ground source heat pump system compared to conventional electric refrigeration & coal-fired boiler system.
Table 4 Emission reduction per unit construction area (kg / (a · m2)) Species A B C D E F G Average CO2 17.5 18.9 7.9 27.9 24.2 15.3 16.7 18.35 SO2 0.14 0.15 0.06 0.23 0.20 0.12 0.14 0.15 Dust 0.0708 0.0765 0.0320 0.1130 0.0979 0.0621 0.0676 0.0743 Economic benefits.

There are two main recent directions in the microstructure self-formation: self-formation of microstructures with submicron or nano-metric sizes and/or the reduction of the number of lithographies.
Modeling of its profile depending on the initial inclination angle and the etch rate and duration was performed by the program intended for the investigation of the mask evolution during lateral etching when in initial data selectivity S = 1 (Fig. 5) [5,6]. 4 Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0 50 100 150 200 250 nm nm 050 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0 50 100 150 200 250 nm nm a) b) Fig. 5.
Self-formation process of non-planar electrodes is one of the most promising technologies in the layout size reduction in semiconductor devices.