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At -0.6 V, the filling time is around 300 s and the deposition rate is estimated to be about 20 nm s-1, while the filling time is close to 30 s at -1.0 V and the deposition rate is estimated to be around 200 nm s-1.
Figure 1 Effect of cathode potential on the time-dependence of cathodic current during electrodeposition of Cu and Co nanowires.
Typical deposition rates of Cu and Co were roughly 20 nm s-1 (at -0.6 V) and 200 nm s-1 (at -1.0 V).
References [1] C.
Electrochem. 35, 479 (2005)

Introduction In the study we used two numerical methods for modelling of a material phase modification process: a method of an effective heat capacity and a method of a mobile grid computing using Stefan boundary condition [1].
The numerical solution was made using Comsol Multiphysics software package (Fig.1, 2).
Fig. 1.
References [1] J.
Heat Mass Transf., 46 (2010) 479-483

Research of Maintenance Decision-making about Existing Building Structure Based on the Life-cycle Cost Theory Jun’e Liu 1, a, Yuechong Wang 2,b and Rendong Teng 3,c 1School of information .Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing101149 2School of Economics Management, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan056038 3Hebei Building Research Technology Co.
Concrete structure performance degradation curve as shown in Fig.1 , for the safety performance or the usability of the structure, lower than the minimum requirement for performance means the structure life terminates, namely T0.The safety performance of the structure can use 0.8as the minimum requirements for structural reliability index [2].
During the research, life cycle cost of existing building structure is shown as follows： (1) LCC: The life cycle cost of building structure. : The life cycle detection cost. : The life cycle routine maintenance. : The life cycle maintenance cost. : Failure Costs Identifying research cycle.
Reference [1] Jianfei Shen, Wenquan Zhang.
Chinese Journal of Management Science.2005,10(13),475-479 [3] Shangchun Zhao, Guofan Zhao, Jinxin Gong.

Video measurement system based on digital image processing technology does not need to contact with the tested fiber optic cable, just need to install CCD to a reasonable position, ensure sufficient lighting, and through the software system to track system deformation, then tensile test results can be tested.[1] Therefore, it's very necessary to study a new non-contact video extensometer system for testing the tension strain of fiber optic cable.
System overview structure diagram is shown in figure 1: Figure1 System overview structure diagram The working principle of the system is make two obvious markers on the tested fiber optic cable first, and then through the lighting system light up the tested optical cable, make the tested fiber optic cable markers imaging to CCD, and keep the camera's optical axis vertical with the tested fiber optic axis.
The resolution of the CCD is 1628*1236; pixel size is 4.4μm*4.4μm; optical size is 1/1.8''; 12 bit AD and 8 bit output.
Image acquisition card: Image acquisition card control camera to take pictures, finish image acquisition and digitization.[5] The functions of image acquisition card are shown blow: (1)Image signals receiving and A/D conversion, responsible for image signal amplifier and digitization
Reference [1] Xinjie Zhang, zhedong Xie, "Used for the study of precision displacement measurement of video extensometer system"[J], Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, Jun 2011 [2] Zhanfu Wang, Liping Xie, "Design of Non-contact Video Strain Measurement System"[J], Tool Engineering，2011,45(8):91-94 [3] Weiguo Zhang , Bin Wang, Hongye Chen, Guangzhe Liu, "The Design of Reality Video Images Processing System Based on Digital Image Processing Technology"[J], Natural Science Edition, Sep.2011 [4] Qingyun Dai, Yingling Yu, "The advanced of mathematical morphology in images processing"[J], Control Theory and Applications, 2001, 18(4):479-481 [5] LanlanChen, Duyan Bi, "App1ication of mathematical morphology in image processing"[J], Modern E1etronical Technology, 2002, (8):18-20

Fig.1 Simulation area and points Fig.2 The mesh of the area Model simulation results and contrast analysis To comparison of computed result of water level and the data from tidal table at 4#: Fig.3 The vertification of waterlevel Fig4-Fig6:Comparison of computed sediment concentration and remote sensing data Fig.4The vertification of sediment concentration at 1# Fig.5 The vertification of sediment concentration at 2# Fig.6 The vertification of sediment concentration at 3# In order to have a more intuitive contrast,only those points with GOCI data were kept as showed in Fig7 Fig 7 Vertification of sediment concentration at 1# 2# 3# It is easy to find that the concentration value obtained by inserting GOCI data in to formulas are about 0.01kg/m3~0.07kg/m3.This is quite close to the observed data .
These diagrams illustrates that the verification results are quite pleasant that simulated results are close to the ones obtained from satellite data.But there is still one problem:Though close, there is still relatively large error.This might be explained as below: (1).Data extracted from remote sensing images are not accurate enough.These observed data obtained from satellite could be influenced by kinds of factors (algorithm,weather condition,etc
And in the open sea area, remote sensing method would be much more plesant since there would hardly be any blank region.Just as the picture shows in Fig 8: Fig.8 Sediment concentration in larger scope Conclusion Several problems do exist in this application: (1) Erros are objective and can never be avoided in the application of remote sensing data.So the key to solve this problem would be the support of measured data
References [1] Miller R L, McKee B A.
[5] Chavez P S Jr.An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data[J].Remote Sensing Environ.,1988,24:459-479

The results were shown in Fig. 1.
The turbidity removal rates were similar when Fe/Si mole ratios were 2/1, 1/1, 1/2 and 1/3.
When Fe/Si>1, it would cause chromaticity question, at the same time, it could not achieve well effect when Fe/Si <1.
Eur Pat Appl., EP 479 219(CL.
COZF 1/52), 1992-04-08.

Study on the dielectric properties of hybrid and porous polyimide-silica films Yihe Zhang*,1,2, a, Qingsong Su 1, b , Li Yu 1, c , Hong Zheng 1, d , Haitao Huang 2, e , Guoge Zhang 2, f ,Yingbang Yao2, g , H.L.W.Chan 2, h 1 School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, P.R.China; 2 Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P.R.China a zyh@cugb.edu.cn, bsuqingsong0818@126.com, c wuhuaqiaomama@126.com, d zhengh@cugb.edu.cn, e aphhuang@polyu.edu.hk, fapgzhang@polyu.edu.hk, g yaoyingbang@126.com, hapahlcha@polyu.edu.hk Keywords：：：：polyimide; silica; dielectric constant; porous and hybrid film Abstract: A sol-gel process was used to prepare polyimide-silica hybrid films from the polyimide precursors and TEOS in N,N- dimethyl acetamide, then the hybrid film was treated with hydrofluoric acid to remove the dispersed silica particles
, leaving pores with diameters between 80nm to 1µm, depending on the size of silica particles.
For thecomparison purpose, the FTIR absorbance spectra of purepolyimide (Fig.1a), hybrid film (Fig.1b) and porous film (Fig.1c) are shown in Fig. 1.
Spectra (Fig. 1b) verified the presenceof the Si-O-Si stretching band, ranging from 1000 to1100 cm_1, which is associated with open chain structures, as well as a silanol stretching band, Si-OH, which occurs from1020 to 1040 cm_1.
[7] Y H Zhang, Z M Dang, J H Xin: Macromolecular Rapid Communications,2005(26):1473 [8] Y H Zhang, J T Wu and Q.Yan: Polymer, Vol.45(2004), p.7579 [9] Y H Zhang, Y Li and S Y Fu: Polymer, Vol.46(2005), p.8373 [10] Y H Zhang, S Y Fu and S Y Yang: Composite Science and Technology, 2005,(65):1743 [11] Y H Zhang, R K Y Li and S Y Fu: Materials Science Forum, 2005, Vol.475-479(2005), p.1073 [12] Y H Zhang, Y Li and H T Huang: Key Engineering Materials.

A variety of Mg-Li-Zn alloys including Mg-11%Li-1%Zn, Mg-9%Li-1%Zn, Mg-9%Li-1%Zn-0.2%Mn, Mg-9%Li-1%Zn-1%Al-0.2%Mn and Mg-9%Li-3%Al-1%Zn-0.2%Mn were processed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) to see how effective is this process in refining the grain structure.
Mg-9%Li-1%Zn-1%Al -0.2%Mn LZAM9110 9.04 1.05 0.18 0.93 Bal.
As for the Mg-9%Li-1%Zn alloy (LZ91), α phase was refined to 0.6~1µm and dislocations were also observed (Fig. 6).
References [1] J.
[5] ASM, Metals Handbook 10th Edition, Vol.2 (1990) 455-479

Table 1 The main characteristics of the cast irons TYPE OF CAST IRON CAST IRON 1 CAST IRON 2 CAST IRON 3 CHEMICAL ELEMENTS [%] C-annealed 9500C/1h/10-1torr 2.893 3.895 3.119 C 3.345 4.022 3.391 S 0.058 0.015 0.042 Mn 0.74 0.21 0.45 Si 1.93 - - Cr - - 12.12 CAST IRON TYPE CAST IRON 1 CAST IRON 2 CAST IRON 3 Hardness [HV0.5] 1 558 705 465 2 430 637 477 3 490 730 500 4 490 722 430 5 455 643 523 6 398 644 479 Average [HV0.5] 470 680 480 For sufficient compressibility and to avoid excessive die wear, the cast iron powders were added to the plain iron plus copper as master alloys.
Table 1.
Mixture Chemical composition [%] Mixture Chemical composition [%] 1.1 93 Fe + 5 cast iron 1 + 2 Cu 3.1 83 Fe + 15 cast iron 1 + 2 Cu 1.2 93 Fe + 5 cast iron 2 + 2 Cu 3.2 83 Fe +15 cast iron 2 + 2 Cu 1.3 93 Fe + 5 cast iron 3 + 2 Cu 3.3 83 Fe + 15 cast iron 3 + 2 Cu 2.1 88 Fe + 10 cast iron 1 + 2 Cu 4.1 85 Fe + 10 cast iron 1 + 5 Cu 2.2 88 Fe +10 cast iron 2 + 2 Cu 4.2 85 Fe +10 cast iron 2 + 5 Cu 2.3 88 Fe + 10 cast iron 3 + 2 Cu 4.3 85 Fe + 10 cast iron 3 + 5 Cu The powder mixtures were homogenized in a TURBULA mixer for 1 h with addition of 0.5% zinc stearate.
Samples were sintered at 10-1 torr at 1150°C in an electrically heated furnace.
References [1] I.

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the bicycle drive hub shown in Fig. 1.
Table 1 shows the corresponding clutching sequence table of this bicycle drive hub.
Table 1 Related clutching sequence table of an 8-speed bicycle drive hub Gear Fixed link Clutch Rotating clutch Locking clutch A B C Cf1 Cf2 Cf3 I -- ○ ○ ○ II 1 ○ ○ ○ III 2 ○ ○ ○ IV 3 ○ ○ ○ V 1,2 ○ ○ ○ VI 1,3 ○ ○ ○ VII 2,3 ○ ○ ○ VIII 1,2,3 ○ ○ ○ Power-Flow Path Analysis The analysis of the power-flow path is a preliminary task in investigating the forces and torque values carried by individual components.
References [1] Y.C.
Chen: Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 479-480 (2014), p. 234 [2] L.C.