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The fine-grained concrete matrix has been reinforced by various types of dispersed fibers (metallic, mineral and polymer) of different sizes and by their combination, while the same volume content of fibres has been kept.
Nearly half of the presented number were bomb attacks, targeted mostly on strategic buildings and places with high people concentration, such as railway and bus stations, subway stations, airports, shopping centres, etc.
Fine-grain high performance concrete (consisted of fine SiO2 sand, cement 52.5R, microsilica, superplasticizer) was selected as a standard.

With varying of mesh number of the stainless substrates, their Fe2O3 nanowire structures are systematically characterized.
The smaller wires had a significant effect on the smaller grain or seed size of the stainless steel, which had an impact on their diameter of the nanowires.
(d) (b) (c) (a) Figure 2 SEM images of nanowires growth on Mesh number (a) 40, (b) 60, (c) 80 and (d) 100.
Figure 3 Diameter of Nanowires on the difference mesh number.
The XRD pattern of nanowires on the mesh number 60 was shown in Figure 4.

E.g. in Ref. [34] it was found that sintered Ni-Mn-Ga has a nearly three times higher tensile fracture strength than arc-melted Ni-Mn-Ga, while [35] found that grain boundaries are ductile and fracture occurs at grain boundaries most likely through impurity segregation.
While small grained polycrystalline bulk MSMAs showed less than 0.01% MFIS due to neighboring grains constraining each other [38-40], recovery strains of up to 1% were found in coarse grained, mechanically trained, and strongly textured polycrystalline MSMA in an orthogonal magnetic bias field [41-42].
The surface layers of spark eroded (Fig. 18a) and mechanically polished (Fig. 18b) samples contain a large number of defects.
Stronger surface deformation implies a larger number of stronger defects.
For very thick twins, the large number of twinning disconnections multiplies the stress on the leading disconnections.

The total Gibbs energy is given as a summation of the products of chemical potential of species and molar numbers of species in the system as follows; (1) N: number of species C: chemical potentials of species X: molar number of speciesThe main problem of minimization of the Gibbs energy can be formulated as follows; mim G (2) subject to AX = B (3) X > 0 (4) Here, A is the stoichiometric number matrix and B: is total mole numbers of elements This main problem can be converted to the following dual problem using the duality [8]: maximize (6) subject to (7) where L is the elemental chemical potentials; (8) This dual problem gives the basis of understanding the generalized chemical potential diagrams as shown in Fig. 1.
This quantity can be represented by the plane that has the slope corresponding to the given stoichiometric numbers.
Eq.(7) is graphically given as the surface and the inside of the polyhedron consisting of stable compound planes having fixed stoichiometric number and the Gibbs energy.
By changing the initial stoichiometric numbers, we obtain the respective equilibrium states for a whole stoichiometric number region.
Stoichiometric numbers are represented by a slope of a flat plane in a chemical potential space.

(Fig. 1) Very clearly, by plating for longer time, we increase not only the size of the NPs but also the number of Au NPs formed on the HMDS mask.
(Fig. 2) Again, by increasing the temperature, we increase the size of the Au NPs and the number of NPs formed on the HMDS mask.
(Fig. 3) By increasing HF concentration (decreasing the pH), we increase the size of the Au NPs and the number of Au NPs formed on the HMDS mask.
In order to synthesize nanorings with small Au grains, gelatin has been added to the electroless plating solution; the isolated pattern of Au has been deposited under the same conditions with 2% gelatin.

A good number of laboratory and case studies in the literature showed that an in-depth PMA can achieve deep plugging and with good stability is needed to improve the flooding to the oil layers [2,3].
The sand pack (L = 50 cm, D = 2.5 cm) is filled with quartz sand with grain size from 40 to 60 meshes.
Table 1 The plugging capacity of PMA for different permeability cores Number Permeability before plugging (×10-3mm2) Composition Gradient of breakthrough pressure (MPa/m) Permeability after plugging (×10-3mm2) Shutoff efficiency(%) Shutoff efficiency after being flushed(%) 1 216.6 1000ppm PMA 29.6 10.3 95.2 95.0 2 1663 6 1046.0 37.1 35.8 3 4 198.2 1864 3000ppm PMA 41.7 11.5 0.9 165.8 99.5 91.1 96.3 90.2 Oil displacement property of PMA.
Fig. 2 Variation of the flow rate with injection time before and after profile modification Table 2 The double tube oil displacement results of the PMA Number Tube mode PV (cm3) Oil saturation (%) Water flooding recovery(%) Recovery enhanced by PMA(%) Total recovery(%) 5 High 77.5 67.1 54.8 12.5 67.4 6 Low 73.0 58.9 58.5 4.65 63.2 From Fig. 2, it can be seen that the novel PMA, with high capacity of selective injection, and good compatibility with rock pores, can modify the distribution of the streamline field and pressure field, change flow direction of injected water, enlarge swept volume, and improve water displacement efficiency.

The grain size is about 10~20μm. 20μm 100μm a b Fig.1.
At second day, the number of bacterial was the largest, the metabolic products were the most and the biofilm was thick.
Two peak maxima changed to one from fifth day, this is because the number of bacterial decreased slightly and the biofilm became thinner with time.
The diameters of impedance loops fluctuated and the number of maxima varied between one and two.

The elongation number of A´B´ in the direction of y: The horizontal distances from A´,B´ to o respectively are as follow: The elongation number in the direction of z is: The elongation number of AB is approximately expressed: So the elongation percentage of AB is: Criterion of LEFP bifurcate fracture The oxygen-free copper crystal grain size of shaped charge liner has turned refiner under explosion loading and its tensile strength and fracture elongation percentage are increased[5], so there is the maximum dynamic elongation percentage , if The bifurcate fracture will arise, which leads to the formation of the separating craters on the target.

There are a number of measurement methods: mechanical release method (drilling method, ring core method, cut strip method, etc) and non-destruction measurement (X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, etc), X-ray diffraction analysis method which has no damage to the samples during the process of test is commonly used and it can be field measured [1-4].
The specific calculations are as follows [8]: (1) where , , is the number of direction, is the related coefficient.
Secondly, if the relation between and is no longer following the linear relationship, such as Fig. 2(c) shows, may be mainly caused by existed texture or coarse grains besides the accidental errors.
Table 3 Statistical analysis of the residual stress error Serial number Interval Group data Frequency 1 [14.5,16.0) 15.25 2 2 [16.0,17.5) 16.75 8 3 [17.5,19.0) 18.25 11 4 [19.0,20.5) 19.75 16 5 [20.5,22.0) 21.25 8 6 [22.0,23.5) 22.75 3 7 [23.5,25.0) 24.25 1 8 [25.0,26.5) 25.75 1 Fig. 4 Residual stress error square diagram (5) Because the parameters and of the given normal distribution were unknown, and should be estimated by maximum likelihood value method firstly

There have been a large numbers of researches on the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of sintered parts inevitably containing pore for a long time. [3~6] The majority of the researches were, however, focused on the parts made by conventional powder metallurgy mainly consisting of pressing and sintering, in which the systematic control of pore shape and microstructure is inherently difficult.
The specimen sintered at 900 o C corresponds to the adhesion stage of sintering; those sintered at 1000 and 1100 oC the initial stage, those at 1200 and 1250 oC the intermediate stage, and those at 1300 and 1350 o C the final stage. [13] It is interesting to not that discrete grains are evident in the specimens sintered at the temperatures of 1250 oC and above.
In a large number of investigations, equations relating the strength of a powder compact to its fractional porosity have been developed.
The initial porosity �i denotes the stacking structure, i.e. the number of the nearest neighbor powders.