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All data were recorded and analysed using Diamond TMA PYRIS software.
However, the nanofillers resist this dimensional change resulting in reduction in dimensional expansion of the polymer.
All nanocomposites showed a slight reduction in Tg compared to the pure systems except I.28 nanoclay-filled Epikote 828 as shown in Fig. 4b.

Some electron-hole will recombine while the remaining will experience oxidation and reduction reaction and thus exhibit O2- (anion peroxide) and •OH (hydroxide) radical.
The diffractometer data were recorded by scanning 2θ from 10ºC to 80ºC.
The mixed-phase TiO2 possesses excellent properties in photocatalytic activities where it had shown to have increased larger number of charged carriers and enhanced oxidation and reduction reaction processes.

System calibration and image reduction Image reduction refers to the sheet metal forming with bright lights on the image corresponding pixel coordinates and the sheet metal forming the corresponding relationship between section dimension values.
Then, save the important data point in arrays provided for outputting the DXF file.

The steels were hot rolled, air cooled to room temperature, followed by simulated coiling at 660°C and cold rolling to 82% thickness reduction.
Results and Discussion Using microhardness data the softening kinetics were determined as shown in Fig. 1.
While selective growth has been observed during late stages of recrystallisation in 95% CR ULC steels [11, 12] due to the strong α-fiber in the cold worked state, the 82% CR reduction in the present case may not be sufficient to activate this mechanism.

Generally, a reduction in b2 increases .
It can be seen that the loading capacity increases with a reduction of the mesh size in general but the difference is already very small between those predicted using the 1mm and 0.5mm meshes.
Through careful calibration of critical parameters in the K&C concrete damage model in LS-DYNA Explicit, mesh-independent load-slip curves in good agreement with test data have been obtained for quasi-static loading.

At present, many synthesis routes were explored to synthesize SiO2-CuO core-shell, such as vapour deposition, plasma-assisted technique, chemical reduction and self-assembly [3,5,6].
From previous studies [8], we reported the size reduction of CuO nanoparticles with addition of ammonia (NH3) as catalyst.
The monoclinic CuO phase obtained was in good agreement with result reported by Wang et.al [12] and standard data (JCPDS 80-1916).

Introduction Transition metal borides are usually produced by the reduction of metal oxides with carbon and boron oxide at high temperature [1], and metal carbides, by the direct reaction of the metal and graphite powders at high temperatures [2].
Niobium carbides and niobium borides can be synthesized by several methods, but the most usual are the reduction of metal oxides with carbon and boron oxide at high temperature [1], and metal carbides, by the direct reaction of the metal and graphite powders at high temperatures [2].
Barin: Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances (VCH, Weinheim 1995) p. 679, 1159, 1163

From vibration theory, reduction in stiffness is associated with decrease in natural frequencies and modification of the modes of vibration of the structure.
This is because of the fact that crack introduces a local reduction of stiffness corresponding to the cracked element.
References [1] Cerri M.N., Ruta G.C.: Detection of localized damage in plane circular arches by frequency data, Journal of sound and vibration, Vol. 270 (2004), p. 39-59

Case study and results The formulation was illustrated with a case study using data of a typical glass-vinylester composite (E0 = 1.1E10 N m-2, B = 1.5E7, ρ = 1940 kg m-3) which was tested by Daniel et al. [23].
By comparing results from this numerical solution with the analytical solutions available, it was found that excellent temporal and spatial correlation is achieved and thus conclusions from the numerical results can be drawn with confidence, namely: · The numerical results for the damped and undamped cases are in excellent agreement (up to 95% accuracy) with the analytical results for displacement, strain and stress (Cases 1 and 2) · Reduction in peak strain and stress is only significant (up to 11%) with 5% of critical damping · The effect of consideration of strain-rate was found to have little effect on strains but a considerable increase (up to 95% more compared to Case 1) in the peak stresses was observed (Case 3) but a reduction in the peak stresses ( up to 70% more compared to Case 1) was found to occur with the consideration of damping and strain-rate together (Case 4) Acknowledgements This study is part of a research program being jointly funded by the EPSRC (UK) and DSTL

The reduction of area per die is between 10 and 20%.
We can remark that a considerable reduction of the mean diameter of the graphite filaments had occurred.
Indeed, graphite resistivity measurements reported in the literature reveal a huge data scattering.