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Numerous studies on Cu–Ni–Si alloys have focused on mechanical properties and microstructural evolution after thermomechanical and aging processes [1-4].
The formation of DPs is detrimental to the mechanical properties of Cu–Ni–Si alloys [6–9].
The mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength su, proof stress (0.2%) σ0.2 and tensile elongation f) of the specimens are summarized in Table 1.
Mechanical properties of the NR and CR specimens.
Watanabe, Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu–Ni–Si alloys, Mater.

Two primary factors cause nanomaterial to behave significantly differently than bulk materials: surface effects causing smooth properties scaling due to the fraction of atoms at the surface and quantum effects showing discontinuous behavior due to quantum confinement effects in materials with delocalized electrons.
When brought into a bulk material, nanoparticles can strongly influence the mechanical properties of the material, like stiffness or elasticity.
Carbon Nanotubes are the stiffest and strongest known fibers and have unique electrical properties.
When used as reinforcement fibers, carbon nanotubes can improve the quality and properties of metal, polymer and ceramics.
Immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials.

Table 1.Geometric Data of Constant Force Spring Spring Dimension Width, b 26 mm Thickness, t 3 mm Natural Radius,rn 8.5 mm Bigger Size Mandrel, r3 37.5 mm Smaller Size Mandrel, 8.5 mm Design Torque.The CFSis made of X2CrNiMo17-12-12 which is in the duplex stainless steel group [2].Some important mechanical properties is shown in Table 2.
Table 2Mechanical Properties of X2CrNiMo17-12-12* Properties Value Modulus Of Elasticity 190000 Mpa Shear Modulus 7900 Mpa Tensile Strength 650 Mpa Yield Strength 520 Mpa *Adapted from SolidWorks material properties From previous linkage analysis conducted using SolidWorks, the maximum torque acted on the CFS is 62,672 Nmm with 180 mm deflection and the minimum torque is 30,068 Nmm with 80 mm deflection [2].In addition, previous analytical analysis have calculated the value of maximum cycles to be,Nmax =4,185 cycles [2].
In order to improve the investigation of failure characteristics on the CFS on the counterweight balancing mechanism, a few factors must be considered.
Firstly, the study is conducted basedonan assumption that the CFSis analyzed as a solid spring pack which may have affected the result of the simulation.

Therefore, the estimation of BOG has to consider the most critical factor that influences the production.
The lesser ambient temperature will favor less boil off, however in other side it will affect the condition of hull material where expose to very cold temperature.
It depends on several main factors such as the insulation type, thickness and also ratio of the area of support junction between inner shell and outer shell of the tank to its total area [3].
According to [14], typical values of BOR are ranging in between 0.1% to 0.15 % kg/kg per day depending on the insulation properties and sea condition.
The heat leakage through the insulation is one of the main factors for the increasing of BOR.

Preparation of a Superhydrophobic Carbon Film by a Novel Vapor Phase Transport Process Gang Li Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conveyance and Equipment, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, P.R.
The surface of morphologies of the pure nickel surface was characterized using a non-contact mode of atomic force microscope (AFM) and the structural properties of as-grown carbon film was characterized using scanning electron micrograph (SEM).
Since the surface energy is an intrinsic property of materials, wettability is usually enhanced by the increase of surface roughness, especially by fractal structures [3].
The results showed that such a lotus-like structure with micro and nano-papillae in the film, which was strongly affected the contact angle and the rolling angle.
Ye and L.Cai: Chinese Journal of mechanical engineering Vol. 21 (2008), p. 77 [10] R.

In the context of structural performance on LNG cargo hold, the mechanical and thermal behaviors of insulation material under cryogenic temperature are considered as one of the critical factors for the hold design.
In regard of researches on cryogenic material behavior, Kaveh et al. studied the effect of deep cryogenic treatment (−196°C) on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy [7].
Xiao et al. investigated the microstructures and mechanical properties of a Cu–Zn alloy subjected to dynamic plastic deformation (DPD) at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) [10].
Convective heat transfer depends not only on the fluid velocity but also on the properties of the fluid such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, density, specific heat, solid surface roughness, and fluid flow.
Lu, Microstructures and mechanical properties of a Cu–Zn alloy subjected to cryogenic dynamic plastic deformation, Mat.

Despite inherent similarities with steel, their mechanical properties are significantly different, while even properties of the same alloy differ when it undergoes different fabrication processes and heat treatments [2].
Stress-component capacities for each limit state are calculated based on EC9 guidelines and respective HAZ affected values are produced by multiplying with the reduction factors, ρο.haz = 0,42 and ρu.haz = 0,48 for alloy 6082-T6.
Safety Factors for LA & ESD with/without limited kinematic hardening, inc.
Safety Factors for LA & ESD with/without limited kinematic hardening, not inc.
Although, naturally, the absolute values of limit and shakedown safety factors calculated are higher when no HAZ are considered, greater relative gains are observed when combining the effect of HAZ and hardening.

Many service characteristics of intermetallic alloys depend on their physical and mechanical properties such as thermodynamic stability, diffusion characteristics, properties of internal interfaces and surfaces, mobility of dislocations, etc.
Interfaces in intermetallic compounds Generalized stacking faults (GSFs) are critical for mechanical properties of intermetallics.
These properties depend sensitively on the surface orientation.
The anisotropy factor of diffusion is in excellent agreement with experiment.
Properties that can be computed include, but are not limited to, elastic constants, thermal expansion, thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams, point defects and diffusion, surface and interfacial segregation, structure and mechanical strength of grain boundaries, inter-phase boundaries, dislocation properties, fracture crack propagation and many more.

Simulation research on fuzzy PID control for transmission shaft rolling control system MENG Jinying1, a, WANG Xibin 2,b , LIANG Zhiqiang 3,c ,PEI Jiajie 4,d and ZHOU Tianfeng 5,e 1,2,3,4,5School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China amengjinying1111@126.com, bcutting@bit.edu.cn, cliangzhiqiang@bit.edu.cn, d514091327@qq.com, ezhoutf@bit.edu.cn Keywords: transmission shaft; rolling control system; fuzzy PID control Abstract: The transmission shaft rolling control system is characterized by time-varying and nonlinear properties.
However, because of the transmission shaft itself straightness, oil bodies and the cylinder piston rod inertia, oil temperature changes, and site conditions and other factors, the system has high uncertainty and nonlinear characteristics[3,4].Conventional PID control is difficult to obtain satisfactory control performance for its poor inhibitory effect on system disturbance.
To facilitate the design of fuzzy controller, fuzzy domain of E , EC are:[-3,3], fuzzy domain of deltaKp,deltaKi and deltaKdare:[-3,3], [-3,3],[-1.5,1.5].The quantization factor of input is: Ke=3/6=0.5,Kec=3/3=1.The scale factor of output is: Kup=3/3=1，Kui=6/3=2，Kud=1.5/1.5=1.The fuzzy linguistic variables of the input and output are set to 7, name -ly: {negative big (NB), negative medium (NM), negative small (NS), zero (Z), positive small (PS), positive middle (PM ), positive big (PB)}.
(2)When the system is affected by interfering signals, the fuzzy PID control can achieve self-tuning control parameters and the maximum overshoot reduce 3.4% compare to conventional PID.
Analysis on influence factors of fatigue life of torsion shaft[J].

Through these techniques, scaffolds characteristics can be modified to produce an ideal scaffold that possesses good biodegradability, biocompatibility and mechanical properties for tissue regeneration [1].
Many available bone grafts are currently available in market, however there are exhibit several limitations such as high cost, environmental toxicity, inappropriate biodegradable rate, and weak mechanical properties [2].
Therefore, the development of new bone tissue scaffold is vital by not only provide adequate mechanical properties but also great capacity for vascularization in the body.
However the addition of HEC with other polymers proved to boost the bioactivity, mechanical properties and helped in protein adsorption, thus increased the cell availability and proliferation bone tissue engineering applications [4].
The morphological surface of scaffolds is one of the crucial factors that influence the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation.