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In order to ensure the reliability of data, the test shall be repeated for three times and the mean value shall be taken; the relative wear resistance ε of the wear-resistant coating denotes the test result, and ε=W1/W, where ε is the relative wear resistance, W1 is the volume wear rate (mm3) of contrast sample while W is the volume wear rate (mm3) of coating; the wearing surface appearance shall be observed by using S-530 scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Seen from Fig. 2 and Table 1, the volume wear rate of coating appears a law that it reduces first and then increases with the reduction of particle size regardless the size of abrasion angle; when the particle size is 60-80 mesh, the volume wear rate is the smallest while the wear resistance is the greatest and the relative wear resistance of coating is 28-41 times that of Q235 steel.
When the particle size is too small, the contact face of small particles and the matrix is small, the pining depth is shallow, the particles are not firmly bonded with the matrix, as shown in Fig. 6; sometimes the filler particles are agglomerated; the particles are easy to loosen and shed off under the repeated abrasion of abrasive particles which results in that a large area of matrix is exposed in the medium to cause serious damages and the reduction of wear resistance of coating.

The distance to the obstacle can then be determined based on the reduction in signal strength.
SL = 10log(Vout2ρcEout/(4πpref2Rout)) dB. (3) The transmission loss (TL) is the reduction in signal strength due to spreading and absorption.
Further upgrades for the AUV sensor modeling as a whole includes adding other sensors such as DVL, accelerometer and compass into the sensor model, and validates the simulated results with real-time data obtained from the modeled sensors.

Data in Table 1 also shows the changes of the apparent porosity with different particle size of alumina pellets.
These results indicate that the MgO can accelerate and promotes the densification during sintering stage and finally lead to the reduction porosity value of the consolidated structure.
In fact both the densification and reduction of porosity can be accelerated with the addition of small amount of sintering aid, MgO, and this is clearly shown in both particles size as presented in Table and Figures above.

Generally, in chemical methods AuNPs generally produced by reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) using stabilizing agents.
Plant extracts are reported to be a more beneficial resource because they contain various plant metabolites such as alkaloids, polyphenols which are involved in the formation of AuNPs by the reduction of metal ions [1, 2].
The data was recorded at 45 kV, 40 mA, and over a range of 2q = 5-100° with a scanning rate of 2q/min [3, 4].

Statistical Analysis.Statistical analysis was performed by the first author with SPSS 10.0 software, and all data were expressed as Mean ± SD.The cytotoxicity grade was evaluated by the one-way analysis of variance.The statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.
Fig. 2 Morphologies of cultured fibroblastic cells on the surface of films for 3 days: (a)-PLGA; (b)-PLGA/BG Cellular Proliferation.The proliferation of fibroblast cells on the PLGA and PLGA/BG was evaluated by the reduction of MTT to formazan by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in complex II (succinate–ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex) [14].
The level of reduction of MTT into formazan reflects the level of cell metabolism.

The present work is at first to examine the GBCDs of 304 stainless steel which were cold rolled with different thickness reduction followed by annealing at 1173K for different time-span.
The strain (thickness reduction) was varied from 6% to 50% and the annealing was completed in vacuum sealed quartz capsules at 1173K for 24h, 48h and 96h, respectively.
Specimen Thermomechanical treatments Σ3 (%) Σ9+Σ27 (%) (Σ9+Σ27)/Σ3 (10-3) Other low ΣCSL (%) Total low ΣCSL (%) A SHT *+6%cold rolled+1173K×96h+WQ 54.8 6.8 124 0.7 62.3 B SHT * +40%cold rolled+1173K×96h+WQ 50.6 1.5 30 2.0 54.1 (a) (a') A A C C 100µm SBs HABs 100µm Σ3 Σ9 Σ27 (b') (b) B B Figure 3 (a) and (a') show the grain boundary reconstructions (GBR) from EBSD data for the specimens of cold rolled followed by annealing at 1173K for 96h (specimen A as shown in table 1).

Preliminary size reduction was carried out with a roll mill and particles with a size range of 2 - 4 mm carbonized at 500, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950 and 1000 0C for 1 hour each in a limited supply of air using Carbolite furnace, model CF 1200[1].
Low abrasion resistance leads to loss of adsorbent particle integrity and formation of dust particles resulting in reductions in the rate of filtration and the amount of regenerated carbons [2,6,7].
Experimental data showed that the increase in carbonisation temperature resulted in better adsorbent properties of the activated carbon produced.

This may be attributed to the addition of fly ash[15], as the addition leading to a reduction in the quantity of C3A and the pozzonlanic reaction of fly ash leading a reduction of CH.
And the results showed consistency with data from traditional methods.

Furthermore, the proportion of losses due to the PWM harmonics experiences a reduction from no load to load operation.
Hofmann, Analysis and Reduction of Time Harmonic Rotor Loss in Solid-Rotor Synchronous Reluctance Drive, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 985-992, March 2008
Bikdash, Generation of Equivalent-Circuit Models From Simulation Data of a Thermal System, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 820-828, April 2010

For EV, the reduction of aerodynamic drag is an important aim pursued, in order to extend the range of EV with certain power and to decrease power consumption of EV in certain range.
A Comparison of On-Road Aerodynamic Drag Measurements with Wind Tunnel Data from Pininfarina and MIRA[C].
Numerical Study on the Wake Flow Characteristics and Drag Reduction of Large-Sized Bus using Rear Spoiler[J].