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Results and discussion Influence of sequential extraction on the composition and structure of hardened cement paste.
The composition and structure of hardened cement paste with 7 day curing age fore and after extraction were investigated by XRD and SEM/EDS.
The hydration of C2S may result in the release of Cr gradually. (2) The high solubility of CaCrO4 in pore solution leads to high mobile speciation of Cr(VI) in spite of density structure in cement.
Extraction solutions used in each step have significant effect on the composition and structure of cement.
Analytical Chemistry.

In addition, films of solid solutions of (Zr,Ti)N show composition tunable color, crystal structure, surface morphology and the electrical resistivity [1,7-8].
Furthermore, the effects of the ion bombardment on the crystal structure, microstructure and hardness of the (Zr,Ti)N films were investigated.
The structure of the deposited (Zr,Ti)N films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Bruker D8 Discover X-ray Diffractometer.
Crystal structure and morphology of the films.
We also acknowledge the Department of Physics and Measurement Technology, Biology and Chemistry, Linköpings University, for providing the sputtering system.

Among the different transition metals employed as dopants, vanadium is one of the most intriguing elements because of its various states and different coordination chemistry.
Others [16] found that vanadium addition did not impact olivine structure, and it could improve electrochemical performances through vanadium coating or increasing carbon graphitization degree.
Structure and morphological analysis.
Graetz, Structure and electrochemistry of vanadium-modified LiFePO4, J.
Chu, Local structure of vanadium in doped LiFePO4, J.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Tb3+ doped Hydroxyapatite Yihua Lu1, a, Xiufeng Xiao1,*b, Xuan Zheng1,c, Shanshan Wu1,d and Rongfang Liu1,e 1College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.
Moreover, because of the flexibility and high stability of the apatite structure, the great variety of possible cationic and anionic substitutions are of potential application in many important fields.
Results and Discussions Structure, Formation, and Morphology of Tb-HA.
The structure of hydroxyapatite contains two different cation sites: Ca (I) and Ca (II).
While the Ca(II) atoms belonging to consecutive layers are interlaced, allowing random local misplacements without impacting the whole structure [4].

The photosensitive unit has a rectangular structure and orthographic arrangement.
The principle of making spherical micro-lens through laser writing mutative does method is shown in Fig.1 .We coat thick photoresist on the surface of base materials, which is shown in Fig.1(a).According to the photo-chemica principles of laser and photoresist film, we accomplish the mutative does exposure towards different positions of adhesive layer by means of controlling laser beam residence time in different positions and the motion trails on X,Y and Z axis, which is shown in Fig.1(b).[2]In order to dissolve the exposed adhesive film, we put the exposed adhesive film into developer, which is shown in Fig.1(c).Later, we accomplish the transfer from adhesive film surface structure to base materials by means of ion beam etching which is shown in Fig.1(d).From the process above, studying the distributing rules of the energy in adhesive film layer in the process of exposure and grasping the principles and rules of photo-chemistry after sensitive material exposure are the keys to achieve
micro-lens array structure.
Leng, “Study on antireflective relief periodic structure of sapphire infrared window”.

Condensed tannin have the flavonoid ring structure; the more common structures have a catechol group (3,4-dihydroxybenzene) as the B-ring [18].
J., Structure and General Properties of Mineral and Vegetable Oils Used as Spray Adjuvants, Pestic.
[15] Reis, B., Martins, M., Barreto, B. et al., Structure-property-activity relationship of phenolic acids and derivatives.
[18] Covington, A.D., Tanning Chemistry: The Science of Leather.

Test results of the polymeric concrete is found to be higher than standard recommended value stated above which proposed that this material can definitely be used in structure which not meant to carry heavy loads like interior structure.
W., “Building Durable Structures in the21st Century,” Concrete International, V. 23, No. 3, Mar. 2001, pp. 57-63
[6] Davidovits, J., “Chemistry of Geopolymeric Systems, Terminology,” Geopolymer ‘99 International Conference, France, 1999, pp. 9-40
Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures – Part 1-1: General – Rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry, including lateral loading.

Introduction Alkali-metal superoxides (AO2) such as NaO2, KO2, RbO2, and CsO2 form ionic crystals which adopt structures controlled magnetism.
Two oxygen atoms form a dumbbell structure sharing one unpaired electron in the π*state.
Structures of KO2, RbO2, and CsO2 were suggested to be tetragonal, while the cubic structure was predicted to persist in NaO2 at the room temperature followed by several structural crystal changes by the decreasing of the temperature [2, 3].
Schnick, Recent results in solid state chemistry of ionic ozonides, hyperoxides, and peroxides, Prog.

Influence of Preparation Methods of TiO2 Nano-Particle on Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Jittinat SIRICHOKTHANASARP1,2,a, Dang Trung Tri TRINH1,2,b, Duangdao CHANNEI3,c, Kantapat CHANSAENPAK4,d, Wilawan KHANITCHAIDECHA1,2,e, Auppatham NAKARUK2,5,c 1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand 2Centre of Excellence for Innovation and Technology for Water Treatment, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand 4National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand 5Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand aoonlyttoey@hotmail.com, btttdang247@gmail.com, cduangdaoc@nu.ac.th, dkantapat.cha@nanotec.or.th, ewilawank1@gmail.com, fauppathamn@nu.ac.th
In the present work, the influence of preparation methods (hydrothermal and sol-gel) on the structure and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles were clarified.
Characterization and photocatalytic activity The crystal structure and phase analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles were examined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique.
The explanation of this improvement is the band energy structure of TiO2 nanoparticle.
This is because the interstates of band structure from structural defect in the TiO2 nanoparticles [20].

Mineralization of a bioactive Si-Ca-P system wet gel in aqueous K2HPO4 solution Zhiqiang Fenga, Jiazhe Guob, Yadong Lic and Yanlin Huangd College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China axiaoq_cn@163.com, bguojiazhe12@163.com, cliyadong@suda.edu.cn, dhuang@suda.edu.cn Keywords: Bioactive wet gel; Conversion mechanism; Ca-P precipitations; Characterization Abstract.
The objectives of the present work were to determine the conversion mechanism of a bioactive Si-Ca-P system wet gel in the aqueous K2HPO4 solution and to characterize the crystal structure and composition of the reaction products.
The phase purity and crystal structure of the obtained powders were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD, MERCURY CCD, Japan) using Cukα (l = 0.15406 nm) radiation in a step-scan mode (0.03° 2q per step) in the 2q range 4°-80°.
The formation of calcium phosphates for reaction time of 12h-3days shows an typical structure of OCP.
These further confirm that the calcium phosphates structure of the nano-crystals are chemically and structurally identified to be DCPD, OCP and CDHA [17].