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The behavior of strengthened structures will be a composite action of concrete, reinforcing steel and FRP materials, and will be affected by various factors including types of FRP, size and ratio of strengthening and adhesive.
The later is not an appropriate failure mode in the view of mechanical or economic concerns.
Table 1 shows the basic mechanical properties of the materials used.
Table 1 Mechanical properties of materials used Materials Strength [MPa] E [GPa] εultimate Steel rebar 670 200 - CFRP 3000 155 0.019 Epoxy 300 7000 - Rip-off Failure Load.

INTRODUCTION Application of variable loading to machine components leads to a change in the material properties caused by many different factors.
Properties of the steel under loadings: [5, 13]: - static: Re = Sy = 458 MPa, Rm = Su = 682 MPa, E = 2.15·105 MPa, A5 = 24.3% and Z = 44.3%; - cyclic: m = 9.80, b = -0.1033, c = -0.4755, ef’ = 0.2179, sf’ = 1204 MPa, n’ = 0.1976, K’ = 1233 MPa.
The shape of the loop is affected by the level of maximal stresses.
Mrozinski, Stabilization of cyclic properties in metals and its influence on fatigue life, (in Polish), Monographs nr 128, Publishing house University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, 2008
Ligaj, Description of cyclic properties of steel in variability conditions of mean values and amplitudes of loading cycles, Fatigue Failure and Fracture Mechanics, Book series: Materials Science Forum, vol.: 726 (2012), pp. 69-76

Introduction Al-Mg alloy sheets have been used as an auto body panel material, because of their well balanced properties such as press-formability, ductility and mechanical strength.
Comparative study has been conducted on the properties of the sheets by AWR and by conventional rolling (CR).
T4 sheets kept for 7days at 293-298K after the SHT were examined for the mechanical properties, Lankford value (r-value), drawability, crystallographic texture and bake-hardening (BH) response.
Other tensile properties of the T4 sheets by CR and AWR are summarized in Fig.3.
We believe there is room for optimizing heat treatment conditions and other factors for further improvement of the AWRed Al-Mg-Cu alloy sheets, especially in bake-hardening response, and we are now making an effort on that point .

Mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated through compressive strength and water absorption capacity test.
Aluminosilicate framework on a zeolite-clay composite can be modified with white cement to improve mechanical properties and resistance in an aqueous medium.
Kunarti, Rochmadi, Effect of zeolite addition on the properties of bioplastic composites of carboxymethyl cellulose-urea, Mater.
Siqueira, Compressive strength and electrical properties of concrete with white portland cement and blast-furnace slag, Cem.
Pişkin, Characterization of fly ash and its effects on the compressive strength properties of Portland cement, Indian J.

There are various requirements that the modern dressings have to meet: maintain a moist environment around the wound; permit diffusion of gases; stimulate the growth factors; provide mechanical protection; prevent the wound desiccation; non-allergenic; minimise pain from the wound; remove excess exudate; control local temperature and pH; be comfortable and easy to remove; cost effective and aesthetically acceptable and biocompatible and elastic.
However, still traditional wound dressings do not have suitable properties for modern biomaterials and specific wound applications [10, 11].
Results and Discussions The dressing dimensional properties are given in Table 2.
It was found that hydrocolloid dressings had the slowest solution uptake properties.
Another important finding is that the hydroactive dressings had better conformability properties.

A transport package cushioning property evaluation test system is established to achieve the goal of high-precision, real-time, non-contact, and full-field measurement.
High-speed imaging measurement techniques and digital image processing method are used to make a comprehensive assessment on the cushioning properties of air-cushion package.
However, as the mechanical model of air cushion deformation is complex, it’s difficult to use theoretical methods to analyze it.
For instance, acceleration sensor is not easy to be fixed or the weight of accelerometer affects test results.
In view of this, this paper uses high-speed imaging measurement techniques and digital image processing method to study the shock response of toner and the deformation behaviors of air-cushion package, and then makes a comprehensive assessment on the cushioning properties of air-cushion package to achieve the goal of high-precision, real-time, non-contact, and full-field measurement, thus providing an important basis for improving cushioning packaging design.

The model provides the ability to assess the effect of material properties, tool and section geometry on deformation of individual cross-sectional members.
For structural shapes, e.g. used in chassis components, productivity and dimensional characteristics of the forming are important factors regarding overall cost-to-quality ratio.
Due to the basic character of the problem to be analyzed herein, material anisotropy is a factor that affects the amount of local deformations in bending.
For example, the sagging of the flange may affect the overall dimensional accuracy of the individual part or the tolerance stack-up if the part is used in an assembly of multiple components.
Once the bend angle was completed, which was controlled by mechanical stops, unloading was performed and the clamp was released by loosening the bolts used to clamp the ends of the profile.

It discusses ways of finishing the texture of the surface to obtain proper anti-skidding properties.
One of the basic factors that influence the durability of all roads including concrete ones is fast and effective drainage of rainwater and meltwater from the body of the road, especially from the roadway surface.
One of the most important operations in building concrete surfaces is texturing fresh concrete – giving the concrete surface a properly coarse macrotexture that will improve the anti-skidding properties of the concrete surface.
A characteristic parameter that anti-skidding properties depend on is the roughness index Rn [1] defined as (1) where W1 … W5 – ordinates of 5 highest points of the surface in the measured section where D1 … D5 – ordinates of 5 lowest points of the surface in the measured section On the basis of Rn a finished surface can be ascribed to a particular roughness class [2] which is a condition for meeting the requirements that concern the anti-skidding properties of the concrete surface (table 1).
Brushing is mainly done manually, perpendicularly to the axis of the road, but mechanical brushing in the longitudinal direction is also possible.

Additionally, we find that the number of hairiness of ring spun yarns with this system can be reduced to some extent, while yarn tensile properties are not as sensitive to be worse.
Yarn properties such as hairiness and tensile properties were investigated, too.
We also tested the tensile properties of these yarns on YG061 strength testing instrument, at a speed of 500 mm/min and at a pre-tension of 0.5 cN/tex.
Table 2 Tensile properties of yarns spun in different ways Yarn (tex) Breaking force (cN) Tenacity (cN/tex) Elongation rate (%) 43.0 T/C C 700.0 16.5 15.98 B 712.3 16.2 14.44 A 761.6 17.7 16.09 Summary In this study, we designed and equipped a balloon controller follow-up device control system on ring spinning frame and examined the simple idea of ring spinning with a balloon controller in a low spindle speed and how this modified path affects yarn quality.
The yarn tensile properties were not as sensitive to the change in installing the movable balloon controller.

These functions include anti-seizure and anti-wear properties as well as the reduction of friction during the metal forming process [12].
An alternative to coating the tooling to improve its wear properties and tribological factors in the metal forming process is to change the way the tooling itself functions.
Finite element analysis Finite element analysis was performed in order to better understand the important factors in the extrusion process.
The work-piece was meshed with about 2500 elements, and had material properties defined by the power law.
"Formulation and Testing of Optimised Coating Properties with Regard to Tribological Performance in Cold Forging and Fine Blanking Applications."