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Online since: August 2020
Authors: Fedor L. Kapustin, Vladimir A. Belyakov
However, for a number of reasons up to the present time the production of pressed peat the phenomenon in Russia and in the Ural-Siberian region is not widespread.
By its properties, peat modified by nanoparticle aggregates can fully meet the requirements for aggregates for lightweight concretes, and even surpass them in a number of specific properties.
Arakelyan [14] the work of concrete under load consists of two components: the work of the mortar matrix and the work of filler grains, different depending on the ratio of their volumes in the material.
Thus, in peat polystyrene concrete at the initial stage of loading, the mortar matrix works together with the grains of a rigid filler – peat, and after overcoming the elastic limit, when there is a surge in the growth of residual deformations, the main filler – polystyrene granules-is included in the work of the material.
Online since: January 2007
Authors: Uttam Mulik, Dinesh Amalnerkar, A.M. Funde, D. Bhange, Sandesh R. Jadkar, S.D. Sathaye, Ranjit R. Hawaldar, V. Ramaswamy
A comparatively high magnification image [Fig.4 (c)] displays embedded smaller grains.
In all the relatively high magnification images, small nanosized (20-50 nm) embedded grains can be located.
Presence of a possible mesophase for anthracene clusters was not observed. 3.5 Optical Spectroscopy The optical spectra for the anthracene thin films with increasing number of dips are displayed in Fig 7 (a), (b), (c) & (d).
The similarity between the spectra implies that the absorption of the anthracene nucleus prevails in all cases, which, is more or less perturbed by matrix environment in the individual case which differs due to disparity in number of dips.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Melanie Keuper, Christoph Berthold, Klaus G. Nickel
From such studies we know also some boundary conditions to counteract low-temperature degradation, namely by replacing yttria [14], adding alumina or changing the grain size [15, 16].
These bodies were sintered for 2 hours at 1530°C in air to fully dense ceramic bodies (ρ = 6.05 g/cm3) with a median grain size of ≈ 0.6 µm and consisted only of tetragonal ZrO2, according to Rietveld-analysis of X-ray diffraction data.
Only the comparison of a larger number of data sets (Fig. 3) is providing more convincing evidence: all in all the interpretation of an exponential trend for each individual set, but with differing incubation periods, after which the process starts, is compelling.
Fig. 4: FIB section from a 3Y-TZP sample exposed for 3.6 years dry conditions at 37°C: A layer of largely monoclinic Zirconia, visible by the typical lamellae-texture, extends 1-2 µm into the material Fig. 3: A larger number of data sets for the monoclinic fraction development of 3Y-TZP Zirconia as detected by surface XRD after exposure to dry air at 37°C with consistent exponential fits The deviation from such a function in Fig. 1 at long exposure times reflects the time, when the layer covers the complete analyzed depth for the method at hand, in our case about 3.5 µm (for Co-Kα radiation with 10° incidence angle and the used set-up).
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Rong Jin Huang, Zhen Chen, Yuan Zhou, Min Zhou, Ye Mao Han, Lai Feng Li
The number of pores and cracks is increased with increasing the content of glass microspheres.
It is believed that the glass microspheres situated on the grain boundaries disorder the lattice structures of the Bi-Sb-based alloys, causing a decrease in carrier mobility [14,15].
Using the Wiedemann–Franz law and assuming the Lorenz number to be 2.45 ×10−8 WΩ/K2, we calculated the lattice thermal conductivity by subtracting the electrical contribution from the total thermal conductivity at 80 K.
The reason is that the large defects caused by glass microspheres situated on the grain boundaries and scatter the phonons.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Li Ping Liu, Ya Nan Liu, Xiao Jian Ma, Peng Zhang
A number of recent works on ESR are devoted to experimental catalytic studies.
FEtOH is the amount of ethanol in the feed or the reaction effluent, and Fi,out is the mole number of different component in products.
In Fig.4(b), except ZnO diffraction peaks, SiO2 diffraction peaks can be seen in the used Ni/ZnO catalyst due to the reason of adding quartz grain into Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst, and at the same time, weak diffraction peaks of NiO and CuO can be seen on the XRD pattern of the used catalyst, and these mean that weak sintering of Ni or NiO particles and Cu or CuO particles may take place in the reaction process.
Vol. 27(2006), p.57-572.In Chinese [11] Yanan Liu, Liping Liu, Xiaojian Ma: Grain and Oil Processing.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Andreas Züttel, Robin Gremaud, Keith Refson, Aníbal Javier Ramírez-Cuesta, Andreas Borgschulte
For partially exchanged samples, the ratio between the integrated Raman intensity of the D-stretching region and the H+D-stretching regions is a good measure for the local deuterium fraction x in a particular grain.[5] The x values obtained from the Raman spectra are indicated in the figure.
This indicates that the number of BD4 units decreases in the material, and the absence of shift confirms that the stretching modes are molecular vibrations, only weakly influenced by the surrounding lattice.
We show in the following that these modes arise from the symmetric stretching of partially H-exchanged BH4-nDn units, and label them n1 (BH4-nDn), with n = 1…, 4 the number of D atoms in the unit.
In addition to intrinsic, thermally induced vacancies, extrinsic defects might play an important role: (impurities, vacancy complexes, dislocations, grain boundaries etc.).
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Fjodor Sergejev, Mart Saarna, Jaana Kateriina Gomon, Marc Leparoux, Lauri Kollo
Results From the microstructure analysis it can be seen that the grain size in case of hot pressed Al6061 is about 20…40 µm which is in accordance with the raw Al6061 powder grain size (mean size 45 µm).
Therefore a more wear resistant indenter e.g hardmetal should be used when testing the surface fatigue of Al-MMCs reinforced with CNT-s The materials ability to withstand repeated contact pressure is diminished by increasing number of cycles.
In all cases the mean contact pressure pm decreases with the increasing number of cycles N.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Cheng Shun Chen, Nai Kuan Chou, Sheng Yao Lin
It is worth to know that the proposed procedure includes the precision boring operations to obtain the required wall thickness from off-the-shelf seamless tube, laser cutting to change the shape, vacuum annealing adjust crystal grain size of material and eliminate stress, and the last part surface finishing operations to modify the surface features like smoothness and texture.
The vacuum annealing for stents will be able to refine the crystal grain size and improve materials of ductility, which can improve the fatigue life; In the process of vacuum annealing, it needs to strictly control the heating/cooling speed and time, and provide appropriate holding time at the process.
Therefore, the stent of electrolytic polishing process has to be constantly adjusted and controlled for the appropriate current density, work of temperature and polishing number of times.
The current density size and processing number of times are required to constantly adjust and/or change its accordance with the different stent lengths and surface area size.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Tsutomu Sonoda, Akihiro Matsumoto, Hitoshi Hashimoto, Z.M. Sun
The composition of the final film compound was expected to be adjusted by the numbers of the placed tablets.
Although extraordinary preferential growth of individual crystal grains was not observed, as confirmed by the overall evenness of the surface as shown in Fig. 3a, the surface of this thin film is much rougher than the amorphous ones, as presented by the micrograph of Fig. 3b, at a higher magnification.
It is worth mentioning that the crystals formed herein also showed preferential growth on the (100) plane, as evidenced by the XRD pattern (Fig. 4b), as well as the columnar grain features on the fracture surface (Fig. 4a) Fig. 4 Cross section of the nano-crystalline / amorphous (Cr0.9V0.1)2AlC film deposited at 703 K (a), and its XRD patterns (b).
When temperature approaches the transition, MAX phase crystallites nucleate on the amorphous surface, with the number of nucleation sites increasing with temperature.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Yi Ming Cai
He planted a large number of smartweed in some lands polluted by zinc, lead, cadmium and other metals.
To popularize this research result, the group even set up a commercial company and it has received a large number of orders from all parts of Germany, especially environment protection organization.
They are classified as “grain crops”, “cash crop”, etc.
Grain crops mainly include rice, wheat, corn, bean, potato, broad bean and so on; cash crops mainly include oilseed, flax, sunflower, etc; vegetable crops mainly include green vegetables, turnip, celery, leek, carrot, day-lily, chili, tomato and so on.
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