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Introduction Sand production is an important issue affecting oil production: it can cause serious problems in oil flow within sand reservoir and to proper functioning of the oil production equipments.
Ref[3]] investigated the mathematical modeling of the coupled mechanical-thermal-flow problem and established a corresponding finite element scheme.
Mechanical Model In order to investigate in detail the mechanical behaviour of rock mass around perforation tunnels which is rather small (0.5 inch only) compared to the depth of borehole, a slice of sandstone was taken as objective of this computation, which is 0.1524m-thick and 3m in radius.
A set of membrane elements were adopted in order to simulate the impermeable property of casing.
This indicates that decrease of perforation tunnel density can remarkably reduces the magnitude of maximum horizontal stress component which is the major factor of perforation tunnel instability.

Table 1 Physical and mechanical properties of used fibers Fiber type Molecular formula Molecular weight [g/mol] Linear density [dtex]* Tensile load [cN] Elongation [%] Tenacity [cN/dtex] acrylic C3H3N 53 8.9 24.1 58.3 2.7 polypropylene C3H6 42 4.9 19.0 123.3 3.9 nylon 66 C12H22O2N2 226 6.7 52.7 15.2 7.9 *dtex = decitex, which is the mass (g) of 10000m of certain fiber.
In fact, two factors affect work of adhesion; interfacial interactions and loss function (i.e. ability of energy waste at the interface).
It should be noted that loss function is dominant factor in work of adhesion [7-9].
Li, Age effect on the characteristics of fiber/cement interfacial properties, J.
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers.

The influence of oxygen pressure on the properties of Al2O3-SiO2 films is important because of the collision of oxygen molecules and vapor species result scattering phenomenon.
Furthermore, the growth behavior and properties of Al2O3-SiO2 films are affected because of oxygen pressure.
In this study, the Al2O3-SiO2 film is prepared by E-beam evaporation under oxygen pressures ranging from 1×10-5 to 1×10-3 Torr, and the structure and properties of the Al2O3-SiO2 films are investigated as a function of oxygen pressure.
Optical and mechanical properties of Al2O3-SiO2 films.
The influence of the oxygen pressures on the hardness of Al2O3-SiO2 films was shown in Fig. 5 which reveals that the apparent hardness of PET could be increased from 2.77 GPa to about 5.7-6.1 GPa with a factor of 2.1-2.2 depending on the O2 pressure.

At the same times, the uneven surface can increase fluctuation of cutting force, which is an important factor to the vibration in the cutting process.
Two factors lead a lot of disadvantages such as bad cutting property and surface quality
The chip breaking for three kind of surface layer Chip controlling is a key technique for the mechanical manufacture system.
In this section, the cutting property for the surface layer and compact layer were studied.
The appropriate methods need to be adopted to reduce the affect.

A thing exists for its own reason and is constraint by various external factors.
The physical property, like quality, color and texture of materials, chemical property, like corrosion resistance, antioxidation and mechanical property, like strength, hardness, rigidity and extension convey their information, like what I am, what I can do and how to do.
Various properties compose materials and different properties bring different artistic appreciations.
These qualitative identifications for materials are affected by region, environment and culture, etc.
The design of materials should consider relevant factors comprehensively.

The difference in optical properties shows that the morphology of the material affects the optical properties of the material.
Optical properties of composite rGO/ZnO Nanorods Characteristics of rGO/ZnO Nanorods Composite as DSSC Photoanodes I-V characterization shows the electrical properties of rGO/ZnO nanorods composite as DSSC photoanode.
The results show that the addition of GO to the rGO/ZnO nanorods composite affects the Voc and Isc values of the DSSC, thus affecting the efficiency value.
I-V curves Summary GO addition to ZnO to obtain composite rGO/ZnO nanorods can affect the structure, morphology, and optical properties of the material as shown by testing XRD, FTIR, SEM, and Uv-Vis spectrophotometer.
O’Brien, “Understanding the factors that govern the deposition and morphology of thin films of ZnO from aqueous solution?

Introduction Since carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were first reported in 1991 [1], they have attracted significant attention in the field of nanotechnology owing to their excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties and are considered as a next-generation nanomaterial [2].
Together, these two factors could determine the height distribution of the synthesized CNT arrays.
Therefore, more factors during the CVD growth should be examined and analyzed, and the model need to be further developed in our future work.
Dai, Self-oriented regular arrays of carbon nanotubes and their field emission properties, Science 283(1999) 512-514
Dai, Self-oriented regular arrays of carbon nanotubes and their field emission properties, Science 283 (1999) 512-514

Kwon et al. [12] underline the fact that form, size and specific area of fillers have a significant effect on mechanical properties of polymeric composites.
Khalil [13] draws attention to the fact that several studies indicate that smaller particles improve mechanical properties.
Nakamura et al. [14] investigated the effect of particle size (between 2 and 50μm) of silica on the mechanical properties of epoxy resins, and concluded that smaller ones with narrow grain size distribution patterns help to improve mechanical properties.
Conclusions The properties of silicas and RHAs were quite similar.
Khalil: Impact of the surface chemistry of rice hull ash on the properties of its composites with polypropylene.

After the 48 hours, the specimens were demoulded and a long-term measurement was performed manually using a mechanical strain gauge.
When new materials are designed, new factors related to volume change emerge and thus advances in technologies need to be followed by advances in testing.
In order to be able to interpret the results, it is necessary to know (among other things) all the testing-related factors that may influence the value of shrinkage, which is why this paper compares shrinkage in specimens with different dimensions.
Choo: Advanced Concrete Technology: Concrete Properties, 1st ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam (2003) [4] H.W.
Neville: Properties of Concrete 5th ed., Pearson, England (2011) [10] H.W.

SOC storage in the agriculture not only was affected by some natural factors, but also related with the tillage measures, such as the tillage, crop rotation, fertilization, etc.
Effect of Conventional Tillage Measures on Soil Physical Properties.
Conservation tillage is designed to reduce erosion and maintain or improve soil health properties.
Effects of tillage on soil physical properties.
Influence of no-tillage and nitrogen fertilization on certain soil properties after 5 years of continuous corn.