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During this period, the Brazilian economy was dominated by mining; however, with the decline of the gold cycle, coffee culture had great momentum in the country and made Brazil one of the largest exporters of this grain in the world in the 19th century.
These numbers describe just how promising the panel sector is, in the Brazilian economy.
Lignin acts as a stiffener of cellulose microfibrils and appears to prevent or limit perpendicular movement to the grain resulting in higher mechanical strength [21].
[3] Brazilian Association Industry Of Wood Panels [ABIPA] Numbers of sector in 2012.

As to glass, which is also one of the main material of panel, despite its enormous number, it doesn’t attract enough attention compared to its potential value.
As the grain size of waste TFT-LCD glass is under 325mesh, grinding requires a great deal of time and energy, which means the high production cost.
So, the selection of proper grain size is the key to popularize this technology.
Using calcium carbonate as a foaming agent easily leads to a large number of open pores which exerts profound influence on the insulation properties of foamed glass, and excessively high sintering temperature increases the cost of production.

XN (real numbers), and μ as the average value, the formula of standard deviation as follows: (14) Table 1 variance angle Part1 Part2 Part3 Part4 00 651.91 815.09 823.71 2505.94 900 93.74 627.75 1875.26 503.79 count 5 6 9 6 From Table 1, we can get that, in a certain range, the region segment can be determined by peaks’ variance and density of texture with intensive grain direction.
Roughly set 1600 as the variance threshold, 6 as the number threshold in this table.
Firstly enhance non-road texture and grain the trend of direction by projection transformation, so it is more efficient to extract available road information and the contrast is obvious.

Table 1 Composition and shear strength at room temperature for several lead-free solders and two solders containing Pb Serial number W(Sn)/% Cu Ag Bi Sb Zn Ni Pb Te Co Shear strength /MPa 1 98.5 1.5 27.4 2 97.0 3.0 28.9 3 96.35 3.65 37.3 4 95.5 4.0 0.5 32.0 5 95.0 5.0 31.6 6 91.0 9.0 28.8 7 97.0 2.0 0.2 0.8 35.5 8 98.4 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.1 33.5 9 91.8 0.2 8.0 28.3 10 97.25 0.375 0.375 2.0 36.5 11 93.6 1.7 4.7 40.5 12 30.0 70.0 26.9 13 3.0 1.5 95.5 22.7 14 93.5 5.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 37.0 15 94.25 2.0 3.6 0.15 42.9 Some researchers are also actively engaged in the research of lead-free electronic soldering filler metal [8].
The result shows that soldering filler metal can achieve good property under rapid solidification, for example, ultra refined of grain can make material gain high strength and toughness.
For example, the existing infrared reflow welding equipments are difficult to meet the requirements, it needs to change to the air convection reflow soldering equipments, increase the number of temperature area and reduce the size of each temperature in order to be better controlled at high temperature.
It can obtain nanocrystalline solder by some technical measures or obtain different melt temperatures by controlling different nano grain size, which can not only reduce the price, but overcome the shortcoming of high melting point [20].

The low presence of the grain boundary glass phase and the relatively high sintered density over 98 % of theoretical density, have resulted in a significant increase in the hardness.
The higher fracture toughness of 5.54 MPa m1/2 of cutting tools is believed to be due to the interactions between elongated grains and the propagating cracks.
A number of experiments were conducted in the desired range of process parameters, viz variant cutting speeds (v), constant feed (f) and depth of cut (ap).
For consolidation of results to each cutting condition, a number of replicate experiments were carried out based on which the average performance of dry turning has been studied.

Manual, StatSoft), an experimental composition system can be defined by a number of independent size fractions (ingredients of the mixture), in which a regular array of uniformly spaced points (simplex lattice) is set.
The aggregate PSD modulus, as defined by the Andreasen theory, constitutes a tool of easy use that enables the quantification of the weight fractions of the required large number of class sizes of the raw material [9].
The flowability of a SFRC can also be measured by the maximum paste thickness (MPT), as this parameter represents the thickness of the flow bed that fills the porosity defined by the coarser grains.
However, the matrix mostly controls the castingbehaviour, as it determines the water requirements and the MPT between aggregate grains.

In both approaches: surface modification and the synthesis of a new material, ion beam bombardement strongly influence on the substrate near-surface layer or resultant material structure and characteristics causing: increase in film to substrate adhesion, increase in nucleation density resulting in growing film grain size refinement (or susceptibility to amorphysation), change in grain orientation, film densification, reduce of internal stresses and lower deposition temperatures (of the substrates [.
Sputtering coefficients (e.g. ratio of the total number of sputtered atoms and ions to number of sputtering ions) had to be calculated to obtain the final elemental composition of the formed coating from the sputtered material used (commonly called as the “target”).

The general mechanism can be summarized as [2-4]: 1) Cryogenic treatment can be retained austenite into martensite, thereby enhancing the strength and hardness of the material. 2) Cryogenic treatment can precipitate fine carbides, improving the wear resistance of material. 3) Grain refinement of the internal organization of the material, to improve the toughness of the material.
Number of cryogenic treatment.
For the number of cryogenic treatment, forming a more unified point of view.
The results showed that: the optimum comprehensive mechanical properties of TiN/YW2 were cryogenic treatment in 30h, after cryogenic treatment stress induced grain reverse in the coating caused TiN preferred orientation, so the hardness of the system was improved.

Lithium is the lightest metal element with atomic number of 3, density of 0.534g•cm-³, Lattice constant of a = 0.35023nm, body-centered cubic structure and high plasticity.
The growth trend of the number of published papers is shown versus to the published time.
Currently, the normal rapid solidification methods include three ways such as the powder metallurgy, rapid solidification casting and spray deposition. [13] Rapid solidification method could improve the solid solubility of lithium in aluminum, and also could refine the grains, reduce segregation and improve mechanical properties of alloys.
Since lithium can refine grains and reinforce boundary of the crystal spreading, its addition makes the alloy to show the super plastic phenomenon. [17] Fig 2 Diagram of electromagnetic microgravity simulator system The working principle of electromagnetic simulated microgravity device is the melt metal overcomes gravity and is in the condition of weightlessness under electromagnetic force, and then density difference of the melt in two phases is eliminated, and effect of Stokes deposition will be reduced. [18] The reason for lithium content increasing in alloys is the reduction of lithium consumption in smelting process by electromagnetic method of simulated microgravity.

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of scientific papers on topics related to composite materials (CM), especially to those having metal matrix (MCM).
A small number of round-shaped pores up to 1 mm in size and non-metallic inclusions, apparently endogenous, were detected by the analysis of the transverse fractures of the ingot.
[14] Jankauskas, Vytenis et al., Effect of WC grain size and content on low stress abrasive wear of manual arc welded hardfacings with low-carbon or stainless steel matrix, Wear. 328 (2015) 378-390
[17] Su, Wei, et al., Preparation and sintering of WC–Co composite powders for coarse grained WC–8Co hardmetals, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 45 (2014) 80-85