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Online since: July 2021
Authors: Vladimir V. Belov, Pavel V. Kuliaev, Temur R. Barkaya
Granular distribution is well described and practically approved with the equation of Funk-Dinger:
, (1)
Here α - a coefficient, which takes account of granular shapes, varying from 0 to 0.14 (by data of different authors); , , – current, upper and lower fracture grain diameters.
That is the essence of the conjoint mechanism of crack reduction by limestone and superplasticizer additive.
This leads to differences in the magnitude of the damping effect, as well as the degree of reduction in static strength (table 4).
That is the essence of the conjoint mechanism of crack reduction by limestone and superplasticizer additive.
This leads to differences in the magnitude of the damping effect, as well as the degree of reduction in static strength (table 4).
Online since: June 2016
Authors: Dan Prodan, Anca Bucuresteanu, Tiberiu Dobrescu, Adrian Motomancea
Calculation data are as follows : M = 6000 Kg, n5 = 1 rpm, i = 1/4, Z1/Z2 = 1/2, q/Z = 1/18, Z3/Z4 = 1/10.
To achieve the required torques and rpm, there are used reducers with toothed belts (ratio in the range 1/4 - 1/2), planetary reducers (reduction ratio reaching 1/9 also), worm/worm gear mechanisms with reduction ratio starting from 1/20.
To achieve the required torques and rpm, there are used reducers with toothed belts (ratio in the range 1/4 - 1/2), planetary reducers (reduction ratio reaching 1/9 also), worm/worm gear mechanisms with reduction ratio starting from 1/20.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Guo Dong Chen, Dong Ying Xu
Five families in the hometown of Lu Xun community, who tried a variety of ways to carry out energy-saving emission reduction, beening said low carbon star by community neighborhood committee cadres.
As the zhong teacher home, everywhere she practiced energy saving and emission reduction.
Ecological building water-saving water quality index Shaoxing ecological building water saving-technology of water quality index of Table 1, in accordance with the data in Table 1 to control the corresponding reuse rainwater and reclaimed water quality [13].
As the zhong teacher home, everywhere she practiced energy saving and emission reduction.
Ecological building water-saving water quality index Shaoxing ecological building water saving-technology of water quality index of Table 1, in accordance with the data in Table 1 to control the corresponding reuse rainwater and reclaimed water quality [13].
Online since: April 2021
Authors: Aleksey A. Shabashov
When settling cylindrical samples, the dependence [5] is used to determine the shear stress degree:
Ʌ = 3 lnh0h1, (3)
If the friction forces are reduced to zero at the points of the sample butts contact with the strikers, the shear stresses intensity:
T = PF03(1-ε), (4)
where ε is the relative sample reduction.
Reduction tests of the NT-50 alloy and MV grade copper at room temperature were carried out on a GSM-50 universal machine.
According to the approximation data, the correlation between the T, Ʌ, Hµ values is strongly expressed (r = 0.9).
Reduction tests of the NT-50 alloy and MV grade copper at room temperature were carried out on a GSM-50 universal machine.
According to the approximation data, the correlation between the T, Ʌ, Hµ values is strongly expressed (r = 0.9).
Online since: July 2017
Authors: Vorrada Loryuenyong, Achanai Buasri, Duangamol Ongmali, Pongsatorn Sriboonpeng, Sarinee Prompanut
As it went back to -0.2 V, it could be seen that there were reduction peaks appeared.
As the CV scan was repeated, the polymerization potential shifted toward the lower potential, thus shifting the oxidation and reduction peaks to the more positive potential [12].
Vorrada Loryuenyong contributed to the conceptual approach, analyzed the data, helped in the discussion of results and thoroughly revised the paper.
As the CV scan was repeated, the polymerization potential shifted toward the lower potential, thus shifting the oxidation and reduction peaks to the more positive potential [12].
Vorrada Loryuenyong contributed to the conceptual approach, analyzed the data, helped in the discussion of results and thoroughly revised the paper.
Online since: August 2021
Authors: Svetlana E. Krylova, Ivan A. Kurnoskin, Alexey Yu. Plesovskikh
However, the existing external economic relations complicate the purchase and exploitation of these products and lead to equipment downtime and production reduction.
The reduction of laser radiation efficiency was up to 25%.
The sketch of the full-scale sample to control hardness distribution over the hardened surface, measurement zones (1 – 4) The obtained data analysis allows to conclude on hardness distribution ranging between 50 - 60 HRC on the surface.
The reduction of laser radiation efficiency was up to 25%.
The sketch of the full-scale sample to control hardness distribution over the hardened surface, measurement zones (1 – 4) The obtained data analysis allows to conclude on hardness distribution ranging between 50 - 60 HRC on the surface.
Online since: August 2015
Authors: Khairul Anwar bin Ibrahim, Mau Teng Au, Chin Kim Gan
Distribution system planning involves a set of complex analysis as the amount of data and associated parameters needed for the analysis are huge.
Simplified reference network models (or a generic representative network) would help to reduce the amount of data to be handled, and thereby simplify the complexities of analysis.
Table 1: Data Sets of Real Network from Technical Losses Estimation Software Network Data Load data · Total No of 33 kV Feeders · Total No of 33/11 kV Transformers & Capacity · Total No of 11 kV Feeders · Total No of 11/0.4 kV Transformers & Capacity · Ratio of OH to UG LV Network · Feeder length (L) [km] · Peak demand/feeder · Monthly Incoming Units from Transmission [MWhr] · Peak Demand at Main-In-Take[MW] · Load Factor (LF) · Power Factor (pf) · Composition of Load segments Database of real distribution networks from Table 1 are classified according to its voltage level, geographical locations, load or customer segments, and maturity level.
Simplified reference network models (or a generic representative network) help to reduce the data to be handled, and hence reduce the associated complexities.
The main advantage of the proposed concept lies in the fact that the data are already available in the system and hence could be implemented immediately.
Simplified reference network models (or a generic representative network) would help to reduce the amount of data to be handled, and thereby simplify the complexities of analysis.
Table 1: Data Sets of Real Network from Technical Losses Estimation Software Network Data Load data · Total No of 33 kV Feeders · Total No of 33/11 kV Transformers & Capacity · Total No of 11 kV Feeders · Total No of 11/0.4 kV Transformers & Capacity · Ratio of OH to UG LV Network · Feeder length (L) [km] · Peak demand/feeder · Monthly Incoming Units from Transmission [MWhr] · Peak Demand at Main-In-Take[MW] · Load Factor (LF) · Power Factor (pf) · Composition of Load segments Database of real distribution networks from Table 1 are classified according to its voltage level, geographical locations, load or customer segments, and maturity level.
Simplified reference network models (or a generic representative network) help to reduce the data to be handled, and hence reduce the associated complexities.
The main advantage of the proposed concept lies in the fact that the data are already available in the system and hence could be implemented immediately.
Online since: April 2008
Authors: Hu Sheng Gao
For continuous yielding materials, FE analysts can directly
use the true stress true strain curve converted from engineering stress strain data.
Propagation of Luders band [2] Modeling stress strain curves using engineering stress strain data Figure 3 shows true stress true strain curve of a low carbon low alloy steel (0.18% carbon), which includes a significant portion (plastic strain of 0.013) of yielding point elongation caused by Luders band propagation, as indicated by L in Figure 3.
Strength coefficient K and strain hardening exponent n are calculated according to ASTM standard E 646-00 [3], which recommends using five data pairs from stress strain curve to calculate both parameters, with the maximum strain is at or slightly prior to the strain at which the maximum load occurs and the lower bound of these strains is the yielding strains (for continuous yielding materials) or the end of yielding point extension (for discontinuous yielding materials).
In many cases, materials handbooks only lists yield strength, tensile strength, area reduction and/or elongation.
Otherwise, guess the uniform elongation at ultimate tensile strength based on stress strain curves available for a similar material (in ASM handbook, or tested data); 3) Convert yield strength and ultimate tensile strength to true stress Sy and Sf using equation 2; 4) Multiply Sf by 1.5 and use it as a initial guess for strength coefficient (K); 5) Use Hooke's Law to calculate strain for stress below Sy and the Ramburg-Osgood equation (1) to calculate the total strain after yielding. 6) Change K and Repeat step 5) until the elongation matches what was obtained in step 2) (Figure 6) 7) Use equation 4 to remove the flat region near yielding point (Figure 7).
Propagation of Luders band [2] Modeling stress strain curves using engineering stress strain data Figure 3 shows true stress true strain curve of a low carbon low alloy steel (0.18% carbon), which includes a significant portion (plastic strain of 0.013) of yielding point elongation caused by Luders band propagation, as indicated by L in Figure 3.
Strength coefficient K and strain hardening exponent n are calculated according to ASTM standard E 646-00 [3], which recommends using five data pairs from stress strain curve to calculate both parameters, with the maximum strain is at or slightly prior to the strain at which the maximum load occurs and the lower bound of these strains is the yielding strains (for continuous yielding materials) or the end of yielding point extension (for discontinuous yielding materials).
In many cases, materials handbooks only lists yield strength, tensile strength, area reduction and/or elongation.
Otherwise, guess the uniform elongation at ultimate tensile strength based on stress strain curves available for a similar material (in ASM handbook, or tested data); 3) Convert yield strength and ultimate tensile strength to true stress Sy and Sf using equation 2; 4) Multiply Sf by 1.5 and use it as a initial guess for strength coefficient (K); 5) Use Hooke's Law to calculate strain for stress below Sy and the Ramburg-Osgood equation (1) to calculate the total strain after yielding. 6) Change K and Repeat step 5) until the elongation matches what was obtained in step 2) (Figure 6) 7) Use equation 4 to remove the flat region near yielding point (Figure 7).
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Radu Drosescu, Neculai Eugen Seghedin, Mihăiţă Horodincă, Dragos Chitariu
.);
E7 – establishing of the research equipments (transducers, data acquisition cards, signals conditioning systems, computers, frequency analyzers etc.;
E8 – establishing of the programming language for the data control, analysis and displaying;
E9 – choosing (designing) of the virtual instruments for the data control, analysis and displaying;
E10 – establishing of the variable parameters of the virtual instruments (sampling ratio, window size, temporal window, measuring units);
E11 – establishing of the variable parameters of the clamping devices (number of pieces to be clamped, magnitude of the clamping forces, number of clamping forces, etc.);
E12 – working out of the experiment strategy (method of the complete factorial experiment, Taguchi methods, etc.);
E13 – accomplishing of the experiments;
E14 – interpretation of the results.
The measuring equipment consists of: force transducer type S9, made by Höttinger Baldwin Messtechnik, PCB Piezotronics B52 accelerometer used to measure the vibrations; multi channel electronic PC measurement unit, made by Höttinger Baldwin Messtechnik; computer with Catman Easy/ AP data acquisition software, made by Höttinger Baldwin Messtechnik.
Leontiev Reduction of flexible workpiece vibrations with dynamic support realized as tuned mass damper. 14th CIRP Conference on Modeling of Machining Operations(CIRP CMMO), Procedia CIRP. 8 ( 2013 ) 230 – 234
The measuring equipment consists of: force transducer type S9, made by Höttinger Baldwin Messtechnik, PCB Piezotronics B52 accelerometer used to measure the vibrations; multi channel electronic PC measurement unit, made by Höttinger Baldwin Messtechnik; computer with Catman Easy/ AP data acquisition software, made by Höttinger Baldwin Messtechnik.
Leontiev Reduction of flexible workpiece vibrations with dynamic support realized as tuned mass damper. 14th CIRP Conference on Modeling of Machining Operations(CIRP CMMO), Procedia CIRP. 8 ( 2013 ) 230 – 234
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Qiang Chen
Enter a different frequency control word can get the phase increment accordingly, and then control the output signal frequency; change the amplitude data waveform storage table of contents, can produce a variety of waveforms.
(1) The phase accumulator The basic structure of the phase accumulator is as shown in Fig.4, which consists of binary adder and parallel data register.
Fig.5 The structure diagram of complex function generator system Realization of ROM programming After the initialization data files sinusoidal waveform, using Quartus software customization basic macro function, create ROM waveform data storage corresponding to import the.Mif file.
Function generator is not only support the drawing board for graphics, waveform scan obtained can also identify and reduction output.
(1) The phase accumulator The basic structure of the phase accumulator is as shown in Fig.4, which consists of binary adder and parallel data register.
Fig.5 The structure diagram of complex function generator system Realization of ROM programming After the initialization data files sinusoidal waveform, using Quartus software customization basic macro function, create ROM waveform data storage corresponding to import the.Mif file.
Function generator is not only support the drawing board for graphics, waveform scan obtained can also identify and reduction output.