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Results indicate that processing with bar-stock as the blank will be better than that with stepped shafts in case of forming quality and volume of raw material, but requires larger forming force.
Most of the domestic enterprises take modular, semi-modular approaches and the crank and the journal are forged respectively.
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of full-grain-flow forging process 1.Crank throw 2.Crank journal 3.Main journal Characterized by continuous fiber and a reasonable distribution of the crankshaft, full fiber upset-bending forging technology greatly improves the crankshaft fatigue strength, increases metal utilization, reduces production cost, and is superior to freedom forging.
Among them, TR upset-bending forging process has been extensively used in making heavy crankshaft at home and abroad, because the continuous grain flow upset-bending process improve significantly the fatigue, material usage and machining productivity.
Taiyuan Science and Technology University (Dissertation, P.R.C, 2008) [5] Shijia Chen: Study on Characteristics of Heavy Forging Material 30Cr2Ni4MoV Steel in Hot Deformation.

Study on the Modification Effect of Al-Sr Master Alloy on A356 Aluminum Alloy Guiqing Chen1, Gaosheng Fu2,*, Kaihuai Yang1, Chaosheng Lin2 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College, Fuzhou 350007, China 2College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China *fugaosheng@fzu.edu.cn Keywords: Al-Sr master alloy, A356 aluminum alloy, modification treatment, eutectic silicon phase.
Journal of Materials Science, 2004, 39(6): 2023-2032
Materials and technology, 2018, 52(6): 787-793
Materials and technology, 2018, 52(5): 583-589
Modification-related porosity formation in hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloys, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2004, 35(6): 1097-1106

The scope of the quantitative fractography covers a wide range of materials, such as metal parts under variable loading [3], glass and ceramics [4] or biomaterials [5].
Coster, Quantitative fractography, Journal of Materials Science 14, 3 (1979) 509-534
Ritchie, Fatigue of mineralized tissues: Cortical bone and dentin, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 1, 1 (2008) 3-17
Roskosz, Application of confocal laser scanning microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and the profilometric method in quantitative fractography, Materials Characterization 46, 2-3 (2001) 183-187
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 31 (2008) 177-183

Therefore, there is a crucial need for cost-effective machining processes applicable to advanced ceramic materials.
A mechanistic model was developed to predict MRR in RUM of ceramic materials by Pei et al.[6].
There exist two material modes in RUM of ceramic materials: brittle fracture mode and ductile mode. 3.
Ai: J. of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.84 (1998), pp.20
Petrukha: Russian Engineering Journal, Vol.50 (1970), pp.70

Dispersion of organophilic montmorillonite inorganic solvents, Journal of colloid and interface science. 278(2004) 26–39
Krishnamoorti , Structure and Rheology of intercalated polystyrene-polyisoprene layered-silicate nanocomposites, Polymer of Materials Science Engineering . 82(2000) 264-265
Pinnavaia, New direction in polymer-clay nanocomposite formation, Polymer of Materials Science Engineering. 82(2000) 274-275
Komadel, Characterization of moderately acid-treated, size-fractionated montmorillonites using IR and MAS NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis, Journal of Materials Chemistry.5 (1995b) 469-474
Corrado, Synthetic organo-and polymer-clays: preparation, characterization, and materials application, Applied Clay Science.17(2000)1-23

Solid-State Reaction and Gas Sensor Properties of Porous SnO2-In2O3 Composites Yu Cao1,2, Xiaolong Zhou1,2,a, Jianchun Cao1,2, Yuanyuan Peng1,2, Jingchao Chen1,2 and Jie Yu1,2 1 Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China 2 Key Laboratory of Rare-Precious and Nonferrous Metal Advanced materials (Kunming University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, China a kmzxlong@163.com Keywords: porous SnO2-In2O3 composites; solid-state reaction; gas sensitivity Abstract: Mixtures of ITO and SnO2 powders were prepared by a solid-state reaction method in order to produce porous composite materials.
Experimental Section Raw materials and ratio.
So, the composite materials get relatively high gas sensitivity with CO.
Journal of Guangzhou University (Natural Science Edition). 5 (2007) 42-46
Materials Chemistry and Physics. 115 (2009) 196-199

J Whitely established a tunnel lining model set with different materials and targets and analyzed the test results[2].
For explaining more clearly, the detailed size and materials for different diseases are elaborate in the below. 1）Voids.
(in Chinese) Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition) 2005, 35 (3):378~381
Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007, 50 (1):320~326
Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics.

Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 1998, 17(6): 628-633.
International Journal of Solids and Structures：551-562
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011,30(1):2647-2652.
Science Technology and Engineering. 2013,13(24): 1671-1815.
Journal of Geotech Engng Div.

Al-Hassani, Explosive welding of metalplates, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 202 (2008) 224-239
Kuzmin, Energy balance during explosive welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 222 (2015) 356-364
Kuz’min, Regularities in bimetal joint formation at explosion welding with simultaneous stamping, Materials Science Forum. 989 (2020) 733-738
Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 969 (2020) 012090
Zhang, Applications and capabilities of explosive forming, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 125 (2002) 1-25

Hydroxy apatite (HAp : Ca10(PO4)6(OH2) ) is one of the calcium phosphate materials.
Experimental Procedure Material.
As shown in Fig 1, it is the porous material which let air or water through.
Niihara: Advanced Materials 11 (1999), p. 1307-1311 [3] T.
Kizuki: Journal of the European Ceramic Society 29 (2009),p. 1267–1274 [4] Yahui Wu, Mingce Long, Weimin Cai, Sidi Dai, Chao Chen, DeyongWu, Jing Bai: Nanotechnology 20 (2009), 185703 [5] Shidong Ji, Setsuaki Murakami, Masanobu Kamitakahara, Koji Ioku: Materials Research Bulletin 44 (2009),p. 768–774 [6] Ning Ma, Xinfei Fan, Xie Quan, Yaobin Zhang: Journal of Membrane Science 336 (2009), p. 109–117