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According to texture analyses by EBSD, the fine grain structure at the wheel side of the ribbon exhibits no texture, while the columnar grain structure on the free surface side exhibits the <100> fibre texture with a declination by about 10 degrees in the spinning direction.
The structure of the samples was characterized using a Rigaku D/MAX Rapid II x-ray diffractometer with an image plate detector.
At a higher magnification it can be recognised that some line structure developed in the columnar crystals (Fig. 3(b)).
Darker parts of the growth structure are enriched in Mn while brighter parts are enriched in Ni and Ga.
Columnar crystals develop an inner structure decorated by spherical pores in the second part of their growth.

The surface is constructed from coral-like structures with lamellar nanocrystals containing copper tungstate and tungsten oxide.
The layers of tungsten oxide nanocrystals occupy the depressions between these structures.
WO3,CuOx(II)* samples have most heterogeneous and complex coating structure.
The tops of the coral-like structures (Fig. 2f-i) are constructed from planar nanocrystals.
According to the EDX analysis data, such flat structures include, at. %: 19.4 C; 57.6 O; 5.6 Cu; 17.4 W.

The ZnO nanorods in the nanoflowers are radially oriented and derive from the center of flower-like structures.
The measured lattice fringe spacing from Fig. 3(b) is about 0.25 nm, corresponding to the distance between (101) planes in wurtzite structure.
As for the ZnO nanorods in flower-like microstructures, the measured lattice fringe spacing is about 0.26 nm (Fig. 3(d)), agrees with the distance between (002) planes in wurtzite structure, suggesting that the preferential growth orientation of as-prepared ZnO rods is along [001] direction.
Fig. 4 Schematic growth diagram of ZnO synthesized at different temperatures In general, the crystal growth of ZnO under hydrothermal condition should be determined by two main factors: one is the internal crystal structure related factor; the other is the external reaction condition factor, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, PH value of solution, reaction additive and so on.
As for the internal crystal structure related factor, it is well known that ZnO is composed of nonpolarand polar {0001} faces, and its oriented growth direction is along the c-axis.

XRPD pattern profiles were also compared with the co-crystal structures reported in Cambridge Structural Database (CSD).
Co-crystal sample also matched with structures reported in CSD by ±10% deviation [3,5,15].
XRPD pattern profiles for a) CBZ b) SUC and c) CBZ-SUC co-crystal structure.Hydrogen bonding interaction Fig. 3.
Rodríguez-Hornedo, Role of cocrystal and solution chemistry on the formation and stability of cocrystals with different stoichiometry, Cryst.
Kim, Structures and physical properties of the cocrystals adefovir dipivoxil with dicarboxylic acids, J.

GO-based nanocomposites, because of their unique structures and superb properties, have emerged as one category of intriguing materials with promising applications in the field of electrochemistry.
Synthetic approaches Despite the relative novelty of graphene as a material of broad interest and potential, GO has a history that extends back many decades to some of the earliest studies involving the chemistry of graphite.
Brodie was exploring the structure of graphite by investigating the reactivity of flake graphite [7].
To fabricate nanoporous electrode materials with delaminated structure, the GNS in the ethylene glycol solution were reassembled in the presence of rutile SnO2 nanoparticles by Honma et al. [16].
However, the practical application of LiFePO4 has been limited by its low conductivity, which could be overcome by highly conductive hybrid structures with carbon coating or graphene incorporation.

Significant advantages of transparent polycrystalline laser host materials for high energy laser (HEL) applications, compared to single-crystal materials, are reduced processing temperatures, greatly reduced processing times, elimination of facet and core structures, and the possibility of higher dopant concentrations.
In addition, polycrystalline laser host materials have good thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength, and can be fabricated into large and complex structures.
A homogeneous distribution of dopants in the final product and dopants incorporated into crystal structure of host material is important.
Thermal treatments required may include low temperature heat treatment to remove adsorbed gases and surface contaminants, intermediate temperature heat treatment to homogenize phase structure and chemistry and high temperature heat treatment for sintering to near theoretical density.
Yttria has been sintered to near theoretical density with uniform shrinkage and good grain structure.

Adsorption Property of Cu-BTC for Dibenzothiophene Sulfide Yangyan Bian, Lei Tang, Qun Cuia and Haiyan Wang College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China acuiqun@njut.edu.cn Keywords: Cu-BTC, Dibenzothiophene, 4-Methyldibenzothiophene, Adsorption Abstract.
Porous Structure Measurement.
Results and Discussion Porous Structure Analysis.
The sample was measured in 77K to obtain nitrogen adsorption -desorption isotherms and pore structure of Cu-BTC which are shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1.
TG-DTA measurement is based on heat capacity, at the same structure and heat capacity, once the structural change occurs, the heat capacity will change, then draw the TG-DTA curves.

The monitoring of resistance changes of effectively as an in-situ non-destructive inspection system capable of identifying the damage onset and propagation enabling digitalization and sustainability in structures.
High interfacial bonding between electrode and parent structure is key to prevent from the influence of contact resistance during service that might significantly hamper the accuracy of SHM.
It was revealed that PUR electrodes have good compatibility with epoxy and may be well integrated within the structure of composite components.
[4] Saunders, J.H.a.F., K.C, Polyurethanes: chemistry and technology, part II: Technology. 1964: Interscience Publishers, New York
[8] Pokharel, P., et al., A hierarchical approach for creating electrically conductive network structure in polyurethane nanocomposites using a hybrid of graphene nanoplatelets, carbon black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

Conclusion On the basis of the results of studying dependence of output signal voltage amplitude on the level of accumulated deformations we can make the following conclusions: - dependencies are of regular type with sharp decrease in the elastic zone (ε = 0–18 %) and increase in the interval ε = 80–100 %; - dependencies of surface and inner layers studying are different; this is explained by hiding by the surface layer of information about structure of deeper laying volume parts [12, 13]; - sinusoidal function describing output signal voltage amplitude change under the frequency of 1 MHz was developed; Consequently, on the basis of the above mentioned, we can make a conclusion that optimal frequency for determination of the level of structure degradation by eddy current control method is within the megahertz range because plastic yield in the deformed solid body from the very beginning of loading application is developing more intensively in surface layers [13, 14].
Vildanov, Provision of shell-type structures safe operation by means of application of magnetic scanning method: Doctor of Engineering Science Dissertation.
Samigullin, Calculation-experimental determination of the limiting state of shell-type structure material exposed to low-cycle loading, Electronic scientific journal “Oil and Gas Engineering”. 5 (2014) 404-419
Kuksenova, Metal structure and wear resistance.
Adamson, Surfaces’ physical chemistry.

For example, the minimum speed of cooling sufficient for receiving amorphous structure in a solid state depends from viscosity.
Summary Unfortunately, the specification of structure of liquid fusion is extremely complicated.
Diffraction research methods show existence of some orderliness in structure of liquid metal fusions.
Ataie, Manipulating the structure and morphology of Cobalt-Boron nano-particles through a chemical approach, Advanced Materials Research. 829 (2014) 762-766
Perevoznikov, Electroplated Cobalt-Boron Alloys: Formation and Structure Features, Protection of metals and physical chemistry of surfaces. 49 (2013) 319-324