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Sapuan 3, c 1 Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia. 2 Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia 3 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia awmh76wh@yahoo.com, bkhalina@eng.upm.edu.my, csapuan@eng.upm.edu.my Keywords: repeated water immersion, absorption, retention, kenaf/PP composite, kenaf Abstract.
Water absorption has been one of the weakness of natural fiber composite, it reduce the mechanical properties and also physical properties of the composites [2,3,4,5,6,7].
In much complex network model; factors like the size of the neck, connectivity of the network and the condition of neighboring pores determine the vapor pressure at which the pore body start drying.
Water retention of repeated immersion\drying at various cycles (A) 2\8, (B) 4/6, (C) 6/4 and (D)8/2 Summary Duration of immersion and drying does affect the amount of water retention in the composite.
Khalina: International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (IJMME), Vol. 5 (2010), p. 11

However, mechanical properties as well as the application field of the manufactured parts can be increased using embedding reinforcement or functional wires in extruded profiles [3].
The effective stress, the pressure and the time that the material requires to cross the welding chamber are the factors usually monitored to predict the quality of welding line [9, 10].
On the other hand, in FE simulations, the obtained results can be deeply affected by remeshing.
The die dimensions, whose changes can significantly affect the goodness of the extruded part, are illustrated in Fig. 1; their values are reported in Table 1.
In detail, the constant shear model was used; here, the frictional stress is defined by τ =mk where k is the shear yield stress and m, fixed to 1, is the friction factor.

In the process of flocculation, the stand or fall of the type, nature and varieties of flocculants which are the key factors related to the flocculation effect[2-4].
Application of cationic polyacrylamide in tailing water treatment There are two main factors of sludge dewatering: the density of floc and the structure of floc.
Synthesis and trapping properties of dithiocarbamate macromolecule heavy-metal flocculants, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 110 (2008) 2464-2466
Research on the factors influencing the synthesis of cationic polymeric flocculant, Chemical Industry Times. 19 (2005) 4-6
Synthesis and properties of cationic polyacrylamide containing pyridine quatemary salt, Polym Int. 52 (2003) 1468-1473

Introduction Surface quality is one of the most important attributes that affect steel reliability and customer confidence.
Although skilled operators are trained individuals with inspecting rules, they are sometimes inconsistent in their vague judgments due to various factors ranging from fatigue to steel variations.
One immediate application of image texture is the recognition of image regions using texture properties.
Fig. 1 Intelligent surface defect detection paradigm for hot-rolled plate Gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) estimates image properties related to second-order statistics [3].
The GLCM is normalized by dividing all entries of the matrix as (2) Table 1 Texture features extracted from GLCM The GLCM reveals certain properties about the spatial distribution of the gray levels in the texture image.

Rangan, Development and properties of low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. 2005
Lukey, Engineering properties of inorganic polymer concretes (IPCs), Cem.
Rangan, Low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete: long-term properties. 2006
Neville, Properties of Concrete, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1996
Eun-Taik, Properties of cementless mortars activated by sodium silicate, Constr.

Stress relaxation behavior was found to be an important factor for investigating formability affected by modifying the slide motion.
Although many attempts are being made to bring out their characteristic features for enhancing the formability of high-strength steel sheets and some of them have been successful in determining the advantages of servo presses for improving formability and dimensional accuracy [1,2], the mechanisms of such improvements have yet to be clarified in conjunction with the mechanical properties of the materials used.
The necking, which is a typical defect dominated by the work hardening property of the material, was observed at the punch shoulder, as shown in Fig. 6.
Groche, Mechanical servo press technology for metal forming, CIRP Annals - Manufact.

Non-contact displacement sensors should be preferred since they do not change the system properties.
The displacement is measured in pixels which can be converted into the traditional units by multiplying by scaling factors [11].
When carrying out the experiment with the optical axis of the camera perpendicular to the motion plane, the scale factor is calculated to be 2.3 mm/pixel.
In this case, the markers in the interested plane are not at the same depth of the field which will be projected to the image according to different scale factors.
Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 24(5) (2010) 1369-1382

Study of Powder Removing Technique for Film Laminating Yang Zhang 1, a, Jifei Cai 1,b , Kangle Zou1,c 1School of Information and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600 azhangyang@bigc.edu.cn, bcaijifei@bigc.edu.cn,c355037569@qq.com Keywords: Powder Removing; Film Laminating; Post-Printing Processing Abstract.
Especially for the pre-coated film laminating, the powder quality may directly affect the quality of film laminating.
This involves the powder properties.
The speed of paper is another factor that affects the powder sticking effect.
But in consideration of the case when the powder removing machine is used in combination with a film laminating machine, the speed of film laminating may be affected, so the powder removing speed should not be too slow.

Introduction Unsaturated soil is widely distributed on the earth's surface, in considering the existence of negative pore water pressure in unsaturated soil, the mechanical properties have changed greatly relative to the saturated soil.
The rainfall calculating parameter of various rain types effect factor rain type rainfall intensity (mm/h) rainfall duration (h) rain capacity (mm) rainfall rainstorm 125 2 250 200 2 400 During the calculating, the left , right and bottom side of soil slope were presumed as imperviousboundaries,like Q=0,while the surface of slope was set as free infiltration border.if the rainfall intensity was smaller than the slope soil permeability,the specificrateofflow of slope surface was equal to rainfall intensity,and the specificrateofflow is: q=i*cosa
After analyzing from Fig.4 and Fig.5,these showed that after rainfall of which the rainfall intensity was 125mm/h or 200mm/h,the soil of slope surface achieved the saturated condition.When the pore water pressure of slope surface was 0,while the negative porewater pressure which was affected by rainfall corresponding reduce ,too.Between the initial underground water level and slope surface,it appeared unsaturated zone,and the area of which constantly Changed,especially in the toe of slope.Due to the function of rainfall infiltration ,the underground water table of slope had a certain degree of improvement after rainfall,in a certain rainfall time,the amplitude of underground water rise was affected by the rainfall intensity.Campared with Fig.4 and Fig.5,it showed that the underground water table of slope toe had a certain degree of improvement after raining for 2 hours,while the amplitude of underground water rise was larger,so it indicated that the amplitude of underground water rise
Comparatively analyzed fig.6 and fig.9 we know that the change trend of pore water pressure downward along the section was inconsistent after the rainfall continuing for 2 hours on the slope, fig.6 presented first reducing and then increasing but fig.9 was the trend of always increasing, which indicated that the size of the rainfall intensity would also affect the infiltration depth, under the condition of the rainfall time was same but the rainfall intensity was different, rainfall infiltration depth was proportional to the size of rainfall intensity.

Consequently, when the frost accumulates, the wall temperature decreases, thus affecting LNG vaporization performance.
Researchers also found that temperature and humidity of the ambient air are a few main factors that affect the heat transfer performance of an AAV.
On the other hand, due to lower thermal conductivity, the frost formation on the AAV surface is developed and increases the thermal resistance to heat transfer, thus affecting the heat transfer.
Ren et.al. [15] simulated a numerical model to examine the heat transfer properties of LNG and evaluate operating pressures, temperatures, and velocities of the heat transfer coefficient.
Min, ‘Modeling of frost growth and frost properties with airflow over a flat plate’, Int.