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Own ones are based on the comprehensive investigation of a number of materials, twelve RE-free and/or REcontaining Fe-(18-20)Cr-(4.5-5.5)Al alloys (compositions in wt. %) and close-to-stoichiometric βNiAl intermetallic compound (with and without Y).
The reason for it is that α-Al2O3 grows via inward oxygen through oxide grain boundaries the fraction of which decreases during oxidation due to the grain growth process.
It is valid for further growth of unstable aluminas which results in blade-like surface morphology (S2-1 in Fig. 4) with less or more developed blade-type grains.
On the other hand, inward growth mechanism component can be brought about by: (i) oxide growth in cracks; and/or (ii) inward grain boundary oxygen transport across α-alumina scale. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 Normalized SIMS intensity DEPTH [A.U.] 16 O _ 18 O _ 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 Normalized SIMS intensity DEPTH [A.U.] 16 O _ 18 O _ 0 20 40 60 80 100 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 Normalized SIMS intensity DEPTH[A.U.] 16 O _ 18 O _ M-1 OUT M-2-1 OUT-INW-1 M2-2 OUT-INW-2 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 Normalized SIMS intensity DEPTH [A.U.] 16 O _ 18 O _ 0 10 20 30 40 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 Normalized SIMS Intensity DEPTH [A.U.] 16-16 O 18-18 O 0 10 20 30 40 50 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8

This behavior signified that the fluid is fully convected for higher Darcy number.
Other areas of applications are in food processing, grain storage, soil heating, storage of radioactive waste, porous radiant burners [5], and uncovered flat plate solar collectors having rows of vertical strips collector [6] etc.
Furthermore, the absolute value of local Nusselt number for MWCNT is more than SWCNT.
Parametric studies of the effect of Darcy number and the mixed convection parameter, Richardson number on the flow behavior and heat transfer have been performed.
· For lower Darcy’s number, the distribution of contour patterns is eventually similar for both values of Richardson’s number considered in this work

of the model lattice for the same number of hydrogen atoms trapped at V5.
The PAL decreases with increasing number of hydrogen atoms.
Vacancy clusters, solute atoms, grain Fig. 3.
This indicates that weakly trapped hydrogen atoms dissociate from grain boundaries and dislocations at approximately 173 K, they are then trapped in precipitates.
Acknowledgement This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18K03584.

Where na represents the number of covalent electron pairs on a bond, represents the theoretical bond length of a bond.
Number of covalent electron pairs on the strongest bond In Ref. [7], it was defined that n1 is the number of covalent electron pairs of the strongest bond when a phase lies in a stable state, it can represent the strength of the covalent bond formed by atoms of the phase.
Number of atom state group In Ref. [7], sN was defined as the number of all probable groups of atom state when the bond length difference(the theoretical bond length and the experimental one)DDa≤0.005 nm, it was thought that the bigger the value of sN of the phase, the more stable the phase.
The covalent electron pairs on the strongest bond of Mg2Si is 0.3241, its total forming bond ability is 166.94 and the number of atom state group is 3.
Under the room temperature, the three strengthening phases Mg17Al12, Mg2Si and Al3Fe can all fix the dislocation movement and hinder the grain boundary slipping effectively.

The grains are slightly stretched in the horizontal direction due to the fact that the material was extruded.
In constant amplitude tests, the specimens (see Fig. 2 left) were loaded to a maximum number of cycles of 2∙106 or until specimen failure.
Constant amplitude tests performed at a stress amplitude of 130 MPa showed no specimen failure, whereas specimens with stresses above this limit exhibited a number of cycles to failure of less than 2∙106 cycles (compare Fig. 4).

Microwave sintering has many advantages, such as rapid heating rate, lower sintering temperature, enhanced densification, smaller average grain size, short processing time, low power requirement and so on[15].
Theoretical calculation and discussion In the γ-LiAlO2: Cr3+ ceramic, the oxygen ions can form tetrahedrons with Cr3+ ions that substitute for Al3+ in tetrahedral centers, and the coordination number of oxygen is four.
Local structural parameters of γ-LiAlO2:Cr3+ (Ref.[19]: ,,,) Ligand numbers 1 2 3 4 Cr-O bond lengths Introducing the average covalent factor model [20-21], we have , , (6) where B and C are the Racah electrostatic parameters and N is the average covalent factor.

The normal weight aggregates used are river sand with a fineness modulus of 2.1.The lightweight aggregates used are EPS beads and expanded perlite with the grain diameter of 2.5mm～4.0mm.
EPS-cement interface transition zone is rich region of the calcium-silicate-hydrate (CSH), there is loose network structure with a large number of defects, as shown in Fig. 3 (b).
Fig.3(c), (d).depict number of polypropylene fibers mixed with concrete across EPS-cement interface transition zone.

Put the shale in the blower drying, then use of ball mill grinding grain size ≤ 0.3mm shale powder alternate.
After considerable analysis, because the sludge contains large amounts of organic matter, when roasting the bricks under high temperature so that the organic matter combustion and left a large number of holes in brick body.
With the content of sludge increase, the number of the holes of the sintering sludge-shale brick is also increase, this situation will reduce the capacity of the material particles bond with each other in the process of the brick body drying and sintering, which brings the increase of contraction and deformation of the brick, thereby greatly affects compressive strength of the brick [4].

(1) : The number of reference cs ;: The local time that node j receives reference message k; : The local time that node i receives reference message k; After the time synchronization has been completed, the instability of the crystal can cause clock skew, which can result in the node time error gradually.
(3) (4) (5) (6) ：The moment of receiving broadcast message k at node r1; ：The moment of receiving broadcast message k at node r2; n ：The number of reference message.
[3] Elson J, Girod L, Estrin D, etal: Fine-grained Network Time Synchronization Using Reference Broadcasts.

Current Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 11 density should be 1.5~2 A/dm2 when plating nickel substrate, 1~1.5 A/dm2 when planting abrasives, about 2 A/dm2 when thickening.
To prevent the 45# steel matrix grain growth and thermal deformation at high temperature, the maximum temperature is strictly limited in certain temperature range.
Corresponding measure must be Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 13 taken to correct if thermal deformation of matrix of gear-honing-tool exceeded assigned value.