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As a result, most mathematical modeling approaches often result in predictive models with unknown factors, so that these models are of little practical use.
Further, the material removed by a single particle can be estimated in terms of the target material properties (fracture toughness, hardness, flow strength etc.) and particle properties represented by the velocity, density, shape and size of a particle [12].
However, it is not realistic to include all material properties in modeling the AWJ cutting performance.
Further, water pressure, P, is related to the water and particle velocity in a jet and affects material removal and particle flow direction.
To consider this effect, a proportionality factor, k, is introduced which can be determined from experimental data.

Therefore, it is essential to understand which factors affect the site occupancy as well as the impact of the cationic distribution on structural and magnetic properties. 2.2.
Like any sound wave, it is transmitted as a series of compression and rarefaction cycles affecting the molecules of the liquid.
All these factors can make a selective and effective thermal therapy for cancer treatment.
Afterwards, the cell internalization distinctly affects the magnetic properties of the studied nanomaterials.
Another factor that can affect removal process is the environmental.

Utilization of Waste Heat of Circulating Cooling Water in Hot-stamping Power System Qin Panpan1, a,ChenHui2,b,ChenLili3,c,QuZhen4,Yu Luning5and Liu Shikui6 1,2,3,4 School of Traffic and Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang,China 5,6 Liao Shen Indusstries Group CO.LTD Technology Reform Department, Shenyang,China ademipp34531@163.com, bchenhui@sjzu.edu.cn, c lilibitifull@126.com Keywords: medium frequency heating;heat transfer theory; circulating cooling water; recovery of waste heat.
In response to energy conservation and emission reduction policy of chinese government,the Group decides to update the technology on condition that don't affect properties of original production,will use heat pump to cool recirculating water of hot-stamping dynamic system. 1 Analysis of Production Process The original production process:Put roughcast which weighs 32kg into intermediate frequency induction furnace to heat to 1200℃.
When do the closing-in technology workers put workpiece into intermediate frequency induction furnace to heat to 1200℃.After closing-in technology workpiece is heated to 1200℃ again in intermediate frequency induction furnace to prepare for warmextrusion technology.Through closing-in and warmextrusion technology workpiece attains the required shape and properties.
If oil temperature is exorbitant,it can reduce the viscosity of oil, accelerates detrition of component part and even affects normal work of the system.
∵ ＜60 (3) ∴It needs to introduce a correction factor (4) Don’t consider compensating of difference in temperature, ∵coil is helical ∴It needs to introduce a correction factor (5) (6) W/(m2·K) (7) outlet temperature: t2=tw－(tw－t1)exp(－)=24.78℃ (8) heat release of coil: w (9) Fig.1 Principle of waste heat recovery system Fig.2 Size of intermediate frequency induction coil It can extract quantity of heat(Q1) from circulating water of hot-stamping induction coil per hour.

Joshi1,a, Vishwesh Dikshit2,b and Mubarak Ali3,c 1,2,3 School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore amscjoshi@ntu.edu.sg, bvishweshprof@pmail.ntu.edu.sg, cmuba0001@e.ntu.edu.sg Keywords: CFRP; GFRP; CNTs; CSMs; Low velocity impact; Inter-laminar failure.
These laminates exhibit excellent in-plane properties, but have weak out-of-plane properties that promote inter-laminar failures.
One of the primary factors affecting the impact damage initiation and growth in laminates is also the presence of weak inter-laminar region between the plies that are rich in resin [8].

Introduction The microstructure has a large effect on the mechanical properties of steel and for this reason, it is important to control grain structures in metals and alloys.
Due to the corrosion resisting properties of Fe-40Ni-Ti alloy, it is difficult to reveal the grain boundaries in specimens.
The major factors affecting the grain size are the heating temperature, holding time and alloying elements [9].

Analysis of the atmospheric particles governance based on aerosol hygroscopicity Tianyu Suna, Qingyang Wangb, Jian Zhangc and Jianxing Rend College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai University Of Electric Power, Yangpu,Shanghai, 200090, China asuntianyu588@126.com,b397646509@qq.com,cjinhanlin6330@126.com,dren608@163.com Keywords: Atmospheric particulates; Aerosols hygroscopic; Analysis Abstract.
Hygroscopicity is the main properties of aerosols, which is the water absorbing capacity of aerosol when the relative humidity of the ambient environment increases.
Relative humidity changes are the main factors affecting aerosols hygroscopicity, when the relative humidity reaches the deliquescence point, aerosols absorb a large amount of water leaving the particle size become large.
College Physics,2009,(8)：43-45 [6] Zhang Jihuai.Thermodynamic and molecular physics[M].Shijiazhuang:Hebei people's publishing house,1984：40-45 [7] Wang Xuanchen,Jian Hua,Wang Wei.Research status of hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles[J].China Powder Science and Technology,2010,16,(1)：101-107 [8] Gao Jian,Zhou Yang,Wang Jin,et al．Inter-comparison of WPSTM-TEOMTM- MOUDITM and Investigation on Particle Density[J]．Environmental Science,2007,28(9)：1929-1934 [9] Wu Dui .Re-discussion the difference between the urban’s haze and fog[J].

Monitoring temperature and RPM during welding with thermocouples and tachometers, mechanical properties are assessed through tensile shear tests, microhardness measurements, and macrostructural observations.
The weld outcome is influenced by various factors associated with the tool, including its features, material, diameter, and shoulder type.
These diverse approaches offer insights into the influence of individual factors and interactions between them on the functional objective [8].
Chen, Influence of Welding Parameter on Macrostructural and Thermomechanical Properties in Micro Friction Stir Welded Under High Speed Rotation, The Int.
Kiswanto, Effect of Tool Profile on Mechanical Properties, Temperature, and RPM Using Micro Friction Stir Spot Welding (mFSSW) on Aluminum Alloy AA1100: submitted to IOP Proceeding (2023) [7] ISO 14273, Resistance Welding – Destructive Testing of Welds – Specimen Dimensions and Procedure for Tensile Shear Testing Resistance Spot and Embossed Projection Welds, ISO, (2016)

It was also found that concrete reinforced with anchor fiber has higher deformation properties than concrete reinforced with wave fiber.
Introduction Axial tensile strength is one of the most important properties of concrete, since it affects the behavior of reinforced concrete elements in bending, compression and shear.
Determination of the physical, physical-mechanical and construction-technical properties of concrete and mixtures with dispersed reinforcement was carried out in accordance with the current regulatory documents and generally accepted methods.
Conversion factors are proposed between the values determined in different experiments, depending on the specific composition of the composite.
It has also been found that concrete reinforced with anchor fiber has higher deformation properties than concrete reinforced with wave fiber.

Sea Bridge is not only affected by the environmental factors such as temperature, chloride ion penetration, but also the bear, including wind load, wave load, vehicle load and so on.
CHEN Shuan-fa, Wei-Dong Liao, Cheng glauca [12] made the study to correspond to reality by taking some measures including the coupling of dynamic load and chloride ion diffusion but temperature, and other scholars [13-14] have done research in this area, but did not consider environmental factors such as the effect of temperature on the diffusion properties.
Fig.2 Chloride ion diffusion with different water binder ratio Fig.3 Relation between the diffusion coefficient and water binder ratio From Figure 2, as can find that regardless of the size of the stress level, the diffusion depth of chloride ion in concrete within the specified time all can spread to 30mm depth, and combining with the analysis of 2.1 can be obtained that by this way the coupling of environmental factors and dynamic load to research diffusion of chloride ion in concrete is correct, namely, the two types of factors can be matched well (if the stress level was too high, the diffusion of chloride ion did not achieve to some depth when the specimen has fractured, vice versa.).
Due to the analysis of its mechanical characteristics, the maximum bending surface of specimen is the upper surface, so from the top down to the neutral surface is governed by the tensile stress, less pressure on the neutral side.
Fig.4 Chloride ion diffusion with different temperature Fig.5 Relation between the diffusion coefficient and temperature As can be seen from Figure 4, the diffusion depth of chloride ion in concrete within the specified time all can spread to 30mm depth with both high and low temperature, and combining with the analysis results of 2.1 section that the coupling of environmental factors and dynamic load to research diffusion of chloride ion in concrete is correct, namely, the two types of factors can be matched well (if the stress level was too high, the diffusion of chloride ion did not achieve to some depth when the specimen has fractured, vice versa.).

The launch power device is in a long-term storage state, and the sealing components, such as rubber sealing gaskets in its sealing structure, will age due to the comprehensive influence of various factors.
The rubber-sealing gasket, as a polymer material, continuously ages under the influence of environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, leading to a decline in its performance.
This affects its mechanical behavior and macroscopic mechanical properties [16].
Research progress on photooxidation aging and anti-aging properties of natural rubber [J].
Micromechanical based model for predicting aged rubber fracture properties [J].