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Finally, the experimental results demonstrate how inline solution annealing by induction heating for the W-Temper process affects the properties and the quality of the profiles produced.
The quenching process is of great importance as the mechanical properties of the AA7075 alloy are sensitive to quenching [3].
The mechanical properties are sufficient for the W-Temper-process and close to the desired T6-condition after forming and aging.
The main cost factors for the process routes from manufacturing side are the time and required temperature for heat treatment.
Nürnberger, Mechanical properties and formability of EN AW-7075 in cold forming processes, IOP Conf.

The main objective is to extract the common factors involved in contractual conflicts.
The reasons, either financial or related to project management policies, will be listed, which will help restrain these factors in future projects.
The significant factors in any project are mostly the inflation rates, design errors, and changes in government laws, regulations, and policies that can affect the project, and sometimes it also changes the project scope [3].
The paper showed the importance of discussions during pre- and post-contracting to eliminate the factors that can cause delays in international projects.
Manzoor, “Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Self-Healing Phenomena by adding Bacteria, Silica fume and Fibers” Sustainable Structures and Materials, vol.

The first method is to start with a bulk material and then break it into smaller pieces using mechanical, chemical or other form of energy.
Milling speed and time are the two crucial factors that contribute the effectiveness of the process.
Besides these factors, type of abrasive material chosen for the milling process also plays an important role.
Its high hardness, excellent dielectric properties, refractoriness and good thermal properties make it the material of choice for a wide range of applications.
The particle size result obtained using laser diffraction is also in agreement to the earlier crystalline properties result using the XRD.

Introduction Nickel-based single crystal superalloys are predominately used as materials for turbine blades in aero-engines because of their excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
In order to accurately predict defects and post-solidification properties and elucidate solidification conditions, computational models of various solidification processes have been developed.
Due to these factors, the isotherm angle has a larger influence than withdrawal velocity [8-10].
In this study, a comprehensive study of the heat transfer, mass transfer, solid/liquid interface curvature effect and the factors of dendrite tip growth dynamics during solidification was carried out.
It is well known that thermal conditions during solidification determine the resultant cast microstructure and that microstructure directly influences the mechanical properties of these materials.

The local properties of the interface are nearly impossible to characterise because they are influenced by surrounding conditions like the thickness of the interface, the quality of the interface, (residual) stress conditions, thermal conditions, materials properties mismatch, etc.
The experimentally determined adhesive force helps to optimise interface properties with respect to maximization of the pull-out effect.
However, they are still facing problems connected with the description of local material properties especially when complex (hybrid) composite systems are explored.
A new technique enabling testing of interfacial properties of the apparent interface based on chevron notch methodology for fracture toughness determination was developed.
The reason for such drastic drop of fracture properties was revealed during fractographical analyses.

In the paper the conditions of casting, macro-and microstructure and selected properties of the casts have been presented.
These hybrid composites exhibit similar to those of conventional cast Al alloys technological properties, but significantly different tribological, mechanical and corrosive properties [5-10].
The chemical composition of matrix alloy is one of the main factors that determine the possibility of introduction of reinforcement into liquid metal and structure stability of obtained material.
This work showed the possibility of design the structure and properties of AlSi12CuNiMg / SiC+C cast hybrid composites in the wide range.
Myalski, Influence of material of friction partner on tribological properties of heterophase composites, Kompozyty (Composites) 8/1 (2008) 5-10

Lyngby, Denmark 2Technical University of Denmark, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2800 Kgs.
After austenitization the steel grade consists of lath martensite and obtains the above mentioned combination of mechanical properties, in particular the yield strength and toughness, by a lamellar structure of reversed austenite forming upon inter-critical annealing.
The volume fractions of austenite and martensite were determined with the direct comparison method [9]: R=mhkl∙F0hkl2∙e-2M∙n-2∙µE-1∙hcE3 , (3) fγ=1-fα'= 1qj=1qIγjRγj/1pj=1pIα'jRα'j+1qj=1qIγjRγj (4) where R is the theoretical integrated intensity, I is the measured integrated intensity, m(hkl) is the multiplicity factor, F0hkl2 is the structure factor, e-2M is the Debye-Waller factor, n is the unit cell volume, µE-1 is the energy-dependent absorption factor, p and q are the number of peaks for martensite and austenite, and f is the volume fraction.
The Debye-Waller factors were calculated according to [10] with a constant Debye-Waller parameter.
The effect of surface martensite would not significantly affect the dilatometry or calorimetry investigations, since these methods measure bulk-properties on thicker specimens, while XRD is relatively surface sensitive.

Generally, deformation and annealing procedure is involved in the fabrication process of Al-Mn alloy, where the sequential processing of heating and reductions to control the microstructure greatly influences the evolution microstructure and mechanical properties of the material.
Alteration in the sequence or employed procedure in the processing is used to control the microstructure which in turn affects the properties of the material.
However, the second-phase particle of Al-Mn based alloy is important factors affecting recrystallization behavior.
The microstructures of all specimens were characterized by OM, FE-SEM and TEM in order to investigate the change in the microstructure under different mechanical and heating conditions.

At present the domestic and foreign scholars study on the rigid frame structure under static load mechanical properties of a large number of theoretical and experimental research of [2] ～[4], but on a rigid frame structure seismic performance have not been carried out systematic research.
Semi rigid frame structure on the dynamic response, exhibit and rigid frame completely different properties, but also in seismic zone using stiffness great node is not necessarily the most reasonable choice [5].
This article uses the finite element analysis software ANSYS on concrete filled steel tubular frame structure dynamic properties was studied, draw some conclusions for the earthquake zone, put forward suggestions for the design of the frame structure. 2 The establishment of finite element model Concrete filled steel tubular frame structure mainly by beam, column and connected nodes, frame structure is simplified as plane frame.
Using the finite element analysis software ANSYS respectively according to the rigid, semi-rigid connection hinge and three kinds of modeling, structural dynamic properties are analyzed as follows: 3.1.
The connecting rigidity of rational choice is affected by many factors, such as the natural period of the structure, construction site predominant period; the region may be subjected to seismic excitation. 4 Conclusions The most important conclusions drawn from the present study are as follows: (1) The structure of semi rigid connections of low order mode vibration period increases significantly, and the higher mode of vibration period of impact is very small, can be neglected, the natural period of the structure change range, the maximum response volume from seismic excitation in different section, the structure design is unfavorable

Introduction Ceramic materials have various inherent properties, such as high hardness, great thermal stability, chemical inertness and excellent wear resistance.
The properties parameters of alumina nitride ceramic are listed in table 1.
The properties parameters of silicon carbide are listed in table 2.
The properties of silicon carbide Material Density (kg/m3) Vickers hardness (GPa) Composition (%) SiC Fe2O3 SiC 3200 30-33 ＞97.5 ＜0.7 Fig.2 is the micrographs of the silicon carbide particle in this experiment.
In the experiments, six variable control factors are chosen, i.e. jet impact angle, standoff distance, water pressure, abrasive mesh number, traverse speed and vibration amplitude.