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Online since: April 2014
Authors: Mohd Zulkefli Selamat, W.M.F.W. Mohamad, B. Bundjali, M. Musa
The as-received alloy was cold rolled up to 50% reduction in thickness (%RT).
The accuracy of the Tafel analysis data is shown by the higher values of coeficient (»1.000) for all steel specimens.
Table 2 illustrates the electrochemical data of the alloys which directly obtained from Tafel analysis.
Table 2 Electrochemical data of as-received and cold-rolled 316L stainless steel in aerated PBS solutions at 37oC and pH 7.31 obtained from Tafel analysis.
The lowest corrosion rate (23% reduction of corrosion resistance) was obtained for the alloy with 50% cold reduction.
The accuracy of the Tafel analysis data is shown by the higher values of coeficient (»1.000) for all steel specimens.
Table 2 illustrates the electrochemical data of the alloys which directly obtained from Tafel analysis.
Table 2 Electrochemical data of as-received and cold-rolled 316L stainless steel in aerated PBS solutions at 37oC and pH 7.31 obtained from Tafel analysis.
The lowest corrosion rate (23% reduction of corrosion resistance) was obtained for the alloy with 50% cold reduction.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Yuan Li Gu, Tong Jin Gao
According to the traffic survey data and meteorological data of a certain section between Jinshan and Wuhan on Beijing-HK-Macao Expressway, the change of the weighted average speed and the speed of different vehicle types under different visibility grades was studied, and the linear speed-density model of Green Shields was improved using the method of curve estimation and regression analysis.
Sources of Data Traffic survey data were obtained by the microwave detector on a certain section between Jinshan and Wuhan on Beijing-HK-Macao Expressway, the detecting time is from April 22, 2012 to July 18, 2013, a total of about 400000 pieces of original data.
First of all, the relationships between speed (V) and visibility (D) and vehicle types (S) are estimated by the method of curve estimation using data set.
In order to test the rationality of the improved model, according to the actual testing data,regression analysis is applied to calibrate the linear speed density model and the modified model.
The vehicle speed for 4 data sets in mist, fog, strong fog and dense fog on this section is calculated and compared with the actual speed.
Sources of Data Traffic survey data were obtained by the microwave detector on a certain section between Jinshan and Wuhan on Beijing-HK-Macao Expressway, the detecting time is from April 22, 2012 to July 18, 2013, a total of about 400000 pieces of original data.
First of all, the relationships between speed (V) and visibility (D) and vehicle types (S) are estimated by the method of curve estimation using data set.
In order to test the rationality of the improved model, according to the actual testing data,regression analysis is applied to calibrate the linear speed density model and the modified model.
The vehicle speed for 4 data sets in mist, fog, strong fog and dense fog on this section is calculated and compared with the actual speed.
Online since: August 2017
Authors: Béla Illés, Péter Tamás
Simulation modeling can be used in such cases to efficiently create reliable KPI data.
This data need can be satisfied by simulation of the current and future system versions
- Determination of the input and output data: In this step, there is necessary to define the input and output data of the simulation model to be created.
In many cases the requested data are not available; consequently, it is only possible to create these on the basis of estimation and/or on-site measurement
- Creation of the simulation model: The simulation model has to be created on the basis of the input and output data and working principles
This data need can be satisfied by simulation of the current and future system versions
- Determination of the input and output data: In this step, there is necessary to define the input and output data of the simulation model to be created.
In many cases the requested data are not available; consequently, it is only possible to create these on the basis of estimation and/or on-site measurement
- Creation of the simulation model: The simulation model has to be created on the basis of the input and output data and working principles
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Yan Zhang, Yue Li Chen, Jiang Meng, Lian Cheng Ren
Currently, it is adopted heavy oil mixed with hot water gathering process to realize drag reduction of transportation.
Drag Reduction Effect Analysis Analysis parameters of closed gathering process distance of 4km.
From the drag reduction rate analysis, based on mixing heat water gathering process, mixing active water gathering process drag reduction rate was 22.1%, emulsion gathering process drag reduction rate reaches 29.8% and is the highest.
Emulsion gathering process drag reduction effect is more obvious.
From the data in Table 2, emulsion gathering process temperature is higher; average transfer pressure is lowest and drag reduction efficiency is the highest and reach 41.7%, which is well above the case of the gathering distance 4km. while mixing active water gathering process drag reduction effect little change with transfer distance.
Drag Reduction Effect Analysis Analysis parameters of closed gathering process distance of 4km.
From the drag reduction rate analysis, based on mixing heat water gathering process, mixing active water gathering process drag reduction rate was 22.1%, emulsion gathering process drag reduction rate reaches 29.8% and is the highest.
Emulsion gathering process drag reduction effect is more obvious.
From the data in Table 2, emulsion gathering process temperature is higher; average transfer pressure is lowest and drag reduction efficiency is the highest and reach 41.7%, which is well above the case of the gathering distance 4km. while mixing active water gathering process drag reduction effect little change with transfer distance.
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Carlos Alberto Alves Cairo, V.A.R. Henriques, Eduardo T. Galvani, S.L.G. Petroni, C.C. Girotto
The mechanisms involved in the compaction of powders were detailed through the fit of compressibility data to a theoretical model originally developed for titanium powders.
A further reduction in costs may be achieved depending on the type of powder used and the technique employed.
The obtained apparent densities decreased with the reduction of the powder size (Table 1).
Table 3 shows parameters obtained from the fit of experimental data according to Eq. 1.
The excellent correlation of the experimental data to Eq. 1 was observed through the R2 values in Table 3.
A further reduction in costs may be achieved depending on the type of powder used and the technique employed.
The obtained apparent densities decreased with the reduction of the powder size (Table 1).
Table 3 shows parameters obtained from the fit of experimental data according to Eq. 1.
The excellent correlation of the experimental data to Eq. 1 was observed through the R2 values in Table 3.
Online since: May 2004
Authors: M.D. Obradović, B.N. Grgur, Lj.M. Vračar
Apparent Enthalpies of Activation for Oxygen Reduction at Pt3Co
Electrode in Alkaline Solution
M.
Vra�ar 2� 1Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Electrochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro 2Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro Keywords: Enthalpy of Activation, Oxygen Reduction, Pt-Co Alloy, Reaction Mechanism ABSTRACT Oxygen reduction (OR) at a Pt3Co alloy electrode has been examined in alkaline solutions of different pHs in the temperature range from 274 to 313 K.
INTRODUCTION The oxygen reduction reaction is of most importance in electrochemical energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries, as well as in corrosion and in several industrial processes.
In Fig. 2, the values of Tafel slopes, obtained from E - log j data in the high cd region, in solutions of different pHs, are plotted against T.
Analysis of the experimental data All the quantities on the right side of Eq. 11 are either known (El and Eh) or can be determined experimentally ( � � lEa,H , � � hEa,H and ( � F/T)[d ET / d (1/T)]).
Vra�ar 2� 1Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Electrochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro 2Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro Keywords: Enthalpy of Activation, Oxygen Reduction, Pt-Co Alloy, Reaction Mechanism ABSTRACT Oxygen reduction (OR) at a Pt3Co alloy electrode has been examined in alkaline solutions of different pHs in the temperature range from 274 to 313 K.
INTRODUCTION The oxygen reduction reaction is of most importance in electrochemical energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries, as well as in corrosion and in several industrial processes.
In Fig. 2, the values of Tafel slopes, obtained from E - log j data in the high cd region, in solutions of different pHs, are plotted against T.
Analysis of the experimental data All the quantities on the right side of Eq. 11 are either known (El and Eh) or can be determined experimentally ( � � lEa,H , � � hEa,H and ( � F/T)[d ET / d (1/T)]).
Online since: May 2020
Authors: Sergei S. Belskii, Nina V. Nemchinova
However, while the inflows were easy to determine from factory data, the inter-tank flows had to be matched stepwise based on the material balance of the process while modeling.
Crystalline silicon chemical composition data were compared to the EMP data [25].
Data, V. 14, Supplement N 1, 1985
Data, V. 14, Supplement N 2, 1985
Powell, An internally consistent thermodynamic data set for phases of petrological interest, J. of metamorphic Geology. 3 (1998) 309-343
Crystalline silicon chemical composition data were compared to the EMP data [25].
Data, V. 14, Supplement N 1, 1985
Data, V. 14, Supplement N 2, 1985
Powell, An internally consistent thermodynamic data set for phases of petrological interest, J. of metamorphic Geology. 3 (1998) 309-343
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Fu Chen, Chang Chun Xu, Yao Wu, Hao Jia
The process LCA-based water footprint method was applied using primary production data, with both volumetric and stress-weighted results reported.
Also, possible mitigation interventions for product supply chain water use impact reduction were raised on the basis of water footprint accounting.
Primary data were collected directly from the producer and supply chain stakeholders, which made this study different from other water footprint studies at product category level.
The authors have exercised complete freedom in designing the project, collecting and interpreting data and the decision to publish the results.
Ltd. for their active engagement in providing supply chain information during data collection process.
Also, possible mitigation interventions for product supply chain water use impact reduction were raised on the basis of water footprint accounting.
Primary data were collected directly from the producer and supply chain stakeholders, which made this study different from other water footprint studies at product category level.
The authors have exercised complete freedom in designing the project, collecting and interpreting data and the decision to publish the results.
Ltd. for their active engagement in providing supply chain information during data collection process.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Chinnawat Prayoonrat
To encourage and promote efficient use of energy and energy reduction, this research was to improve energy awareness through 3D computer animation.
Therefore, the 3D computer animation could help samples understand more about importance of energy reduction.
Therefore, everyone must be realized an importance of energy reduction and should continuously promote a campaign.
Analysis 1.1 Data collection and analysis from various sources which include interview, report, website, etc. 1.2 Studying campaigns using various types of media. 1.3 Studying various types of energy reduction campaigns. 1.4 Studying 3D computer animation for energy reduction campaigns. 2.
This research of comparison on the achievement of 3D computer animation “The Future” for energy reduction campaign revealed that 3D computer animation media not only can influence and make people realize the importance of energy reduction, but it also provides pleasure and entertain viewers.
Therefore, the 3D computer animation could help samples understand more about importance of energy reduction.
Therefore, everyone must be realized an importance of energy reduction and should continuously promote a campaign.
Analysis 1.1 Data collection and analysis from various sources which include interview, report, website, etc. 1.2 Studying campaigns using various types of media. 1.3 Studying various types of energy reduction campaigns. 1.4 Studying 3D computer animation for energy reduction campaigns. 2.
This research of comparison on the achievement of 3D computer animation “The Future” for energy reduction campaign revealed that 3D computer animation media not only can influence and make people realize the importance of energy reduction, but it also provides pleasure and entertain viewers.
Online since: January 2026
Authors: Emma Suali, Fiona W.M. Ling, Aliq Bin Osman, Anthony Degullacion, Becxter Berul, Alvin H. H. Teo
Drag Reduction Performance.
Next, the lowest percentage of drag reduction at 800 ppm concentration was 55% at a shear rate of 4 s-1.
The overall trend shows that the drag reduction percentage decreases with increasing shear rate across all concentrations, with higher concentrations maintaining higher drag reduction percentages at comparable shear rates.
As for OK extract, 200 ppm gave the highest drag reduction efficiency up to 86%.
[15] Tahir M, Hincapie R, Be M, Ganzer L, A comprehensive combination of apparent and shear viscoelastic data during polymer flooding for EOR evaluations, World J Eng Technol 2017,;5(4) 585–600
Next, the lowest percentage of drag reduction at 800 ppm concentration was 55% at a shear rate of 4 s-1.
The overall trend shows that the drag reduction percentage decreases with increasing shear rate across all concentrations, with higher concentrations maintaining higher drag reduction percentages at comparable shear rates.
As for OK extract, 200 ppm gave the highest drag reduction efficiency up to 86%.
[15] Tahir M, Hincapie R, Be M, Ganzer L, A comprehensive combination of apparent and shear viscoelastic data during polymer flooding for EOR evaluations, World J Eng Technol 2017,;5(4) 585–600