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It is found that even at low clay loading (≤10 mass % clay); there is enhancement in thermal, mechanical, optical, electrical, flammability and barrier properties [16-20].
These morphologies offer significant improvement in mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of polymer-nanoclay hybrid materials [15].
Table 1: Transport properties of porous and non-porous fillers in different polymer matrix.
Koros, "Factors Controlling Successful Formation of Mixed-Matrix Gas Separation Materials," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 39, pp. 2692-2696, 2000
Phillips, "Flammability Properties of Polymer Layered-Silicate Nanocomposites.

Affected by the submarine topography, the longitudinal slope “V” shape is designed inside the tunnel.
The factors of economy and safety should be considered for the Min. rock covering thickness, the main factors to control the embedded depth are tunnel address project, hydrology geology, submarine topography, depth of the sea, structure steadibility and casting pressure, etc. combined with the detailed geological condition, adopt the engineering analogy method and data calculating methods, to fix the Min. rock covering thickness of the tunnel according to the representative rock area and water depth, the controlling standard: water depth is 20m to 40m, the Min. rock covering thickness is 30m; if the water depth is less than 20m, then the Min. rock covering thickness should be 25m.
To guarantee the maintenance of the drainage system, the longitudinal drain pipe should accord with the high pressure and washed mechanical property index, and the pipes should have good permeability of water which is not easy to block.
The subsea tunnel is mainly affected by chloride; the chloride environment is related with the tunnel draft type, the position of ventilation shaft and the water handling methods.
The project geography condition of Qingdao Jiaozhou bay tunnel is good which is suitable for major mechanical equipments, this project use the whole cross section excavating rock drilling cars with four arms and municipal punching platform to speed construction and decrease safety risks.

Introduction The dynamic parameters are important mechanical performance indicators of characterization of soil under dynamic load; they are also the essential parameters of soil layer dynamic response analysis in earthquake resistant engineering.
Whether parameter is reasonable or not directly affects the seismic wave input results of non-rock site in anti-seismic analysis.
Lv Xiao Fei [3] studied the dynamic properties of Hangzhou Bay shallow silty clay by the DRNEVI resonant column and gave the variation of dynamic modulus with strain.
However the accuracy of the parameters directly affects the reliability of the results of dynamic response analysis.
Confining pressure σ 3 is one of the important factors affecting the maximum dynamic shear modulus. dynamic shear modulus under the same dynamic load Maximum and different confining pressures is shown in table 3.

For dense flow absorber, the main factors which affect its operational reliability include: the abrasion of desulfurized fly ash to inner surface and other internals inside of dense flow absorber; the deposition of desulfurized fly ash on inner surface, ash hopper wall and internals inside of dense flow absorber[6].
The particle of desulfurized fly ash is spoiled when it moves along inner surface and internals on account of mechanical action[7].
In reality, there are many the factors which affect abrasion, including environmental factor (e.g. humidity, temperature and medium, etc), lubrication condition, working condition (load, velocity and motion mode), composition of materials and textures, as well as physicochemical property of workpiece surface, etc.
A small change of each factor could lead to the change of abrasion loss, and therefore change abrasion mechanism.

Effect of Blockage Ratio on Detonation Flame Acceleration in Pulse Detonation Combustor Using CFD Pinku Debnath 1, a, K M Pandey2,b* 1Research Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, NIT Silchar, Assam, INDIA 2Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, NIT Silchar, Assam, INDIA aer.pinkunits@yahoo.com, bkmpandey2001@yahoo.com, Keywords: Pulse detonation engine, blockage ratio, detonation, diffraction, Computational Fluid Dynamics Abstract.
To prevent the loss and consequently support the DDT the obstacles placed in the tube appear to be an essential factor, which increases the burning rate and facilitates the flame acceleration [15].
Eddy viscosity is the significant factor to analysis the energy losses for detonation flame acceleration.
Higher eddy viscosity of combustible mixture affect is poor combustion efficiency.
The importance of blockage changes with the color plot density of detonation flame accelerating properties (temperature, eddy viscosity, flame velocity and pressure).

Introduction Hardness is an important indicator of the material mechanical properties and it has been widely used in the application of the component materials, coatings, new materials design and so on.
However, in the process of image acquisition, acquisition and transfer, due to a large number of factors including the out-of-focus, comparative motion relative to scenery, loss of high frequency after light diffraction and so on, it will undoubtedly result in image blurring.
The ambiguous degree depends on the performance of the system, such as image acquisition, sampling rate and lighting conditions of obtain images and other factors.
That is to say, through the analysis of the gradient value, we can preferably delineate the edge of the Vickers indentation properties.
As the quality of indentation edges is a key factor to determine whether the Vickers hardness indentation image quality can meet the requirements.

The nanomaterials obtained have unique physical and mechanical properties [1, 2].
A concurrent effect of a whole number of structural factors (small grain size, large nonuniform distortions of crystal lattice) on X-ray diffraction in SPD nanomaterials results in considerable difficulties in the interpretation of XRD patterns and, correspondingly, in the determination of the structure parameters of these nanomaterials by the XRD method.
As a result, the final expression for the intensity of X-rays scattered by an ideal three-dimensional crystal lattice with allowance for the structure and thermal factors, was written as follows: 2 2 2M z z 0 k j 2 j k | | 2 i I f e cos( 2sin (r r )) R �� � = × � � ��� , (2) here f is the atomic factor; e -2M is the thermal factor; � - is the diffraction angle and rz k is the coordinate of the k-th atom along the axis coinciding with the direction perpendicular to the specimen plane.
Since defect structure of SPD materials greatly affects their unusual properties, the quantitative evaluation of the EGBDs density is an important task.

Therefore, a study on direct shear test have been conducted and the data collected from this study were compared and analyzed through various methods to find out how does PFA works on improving geotechnical properties.
Portland cement has been used as a type of cement based on the availability of this product and according to [9] this type of cement has an ideal ratio of material properties needed for this study.
Table 2 shows the properties of soft soil used in this study.
Because bear in mind shear box test is a test based on more to the friction reaction and minor based on other factors such as strength.
Hall in: Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Self-Compacting Crumb Rubber Modified Concrete.

This study combined microscratch test and fracture-mechanical analysis to assess the interfacial reliability of Nafion and Pt/Ru catalyst layers in micro fuel cells.
Scratch test was used to determine the critical load for interfacial failure, while fracture-mechanical analysis was used to quantify the adhesion between Nafion (the electrolyte polymer substrate) and Pt/Ru alloy (catalyst coating).
In particular, the performance and lifetime of cells are directly affected by PEM delamination phenomena during operation, since mechanical reliability plays an important role in the chemical interaction between packaged laminates [2].
The value ∂Fn/∂C is an increasing rate of the normal force required to extend a crack and is an important factor in arriving at a quantitative adhesion parameter [9].
Note that the value of ∂Fn/∂C does not take into account the material properties of the coating and substrate and thus is merely a qualitative and relative value that is meaningful only in comparing the materials of the same kind.

Nevertheless, the boron addition could also have influence on the structure and microstructure of the alloy, and could thus adversely affect mechanical properties and/or high-temperature stability.
Processing via severe plastic deformation introduces crystallographic defects to the alloy, which results in changes in its mechanical as well as other properties.
In order to obtain information important for tuning the microstructure and properties, the post-process heat treatment was done in situ during neutron diffraction experiment with a Ti-Zr alloy which underwent severe plastic deformation.
Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is one of the severe plastic deformation methods widely used to refine structural units and enhance the properties of bio-applicable alloys [9,10].
Along with the elevated temperature, further factor which lowers yield stress is the strength decrease due to diminishing number of dislocations during annealing (recovery).