Search results

Identification and characterization of microdefect systems in one of the glass grades: a) determination of the coordinates of microcracks in the V (Z) -curve regime; b) the dependence of the number N of detected microcracks in the V (Z) -curve regime on the thickness of the stripped layer; c) the dependence of the strength of glass (K-108) on the depth of cracks.
These characteristics allowed us to determine the grain size of steel structures, to obtain acoustic images of these structures without any additional processing.

Fundamental theory of the method is based on a current impulse heat passing through the press mold to grain interfaces of initial powder particles, which leads to partial heating and electrical field occurrence.
Because the point number for difference scheme is fixed along Oz, we calculate the spatial step change.

A number of ecomaterial-type building materials have been gradually developed.
Table 1 Classification of building materials from the viewpoint of their resource origin Table 2 Part of eco-life-cycle matrix of classification of eco-material type building materials Building Materials Resource Basic Material Structural materials Non-structural materials Wood ・Natural Wood, ・Natural Rubber ・Pulp ・Structural Wood ・Earthquake-free Rubber ・Interior Wood ・Wall Paper Grass ・Straw ・Miscanthus Reed ・Roofing Grain ・Starch ・Glue Animal ・Wool ・Fur ・Insulation ・Carpet 1.
Table 3 shows Setting methods of rating numbers of various evaluation indicators by rating numbers of five indices.
Table 3 Setting methods of rating numbers of various evaluation indicators Evaluation Indicator of eco-balance performance Rating number 12 34 5 Characteristics of Long service life 1) Structural materials and components 15-30year 30-45year 45-60year 60-75year 75-100year 2) Exterior and interior materials 5-10year 10-15year 15-20year 20-25uear 25-30year Characteristics of resources circulation Recycling indicator = Recycling ratio×Ｒｅｃｙｃｉｎｇ ｎｕｍｂｅ ｒ 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 Characteristics of improvement of resources/environment capacities Improvement ratio of resources/environment capacities 0-3% 3-6% 6-9% 9-12% 12-15% Characteristics of improvement of materials efficiency Improvement ratio of materials efficiency 0-3% 3-6% 6-9% 9-12% 12-15% Characteristics of improvement of health safety Number of the human race feeling the health damage per 1000 ones 80-100 60-80 40-60 20-40 0-20
Conf. on EcoBalance, p. 279 (Ecomaterials Forum, The Society of Non-traditional Technology 2005) Component materials Initial performance Po (MPa) Ratio of reduction of performance r Critical performanc e Pcr (MＰa) Performance after repeated partial recycling n times Pn (MＰ a) Recycling number n (times) Exterior GFRC 30(Flexural strength) 0.2 8 9.8 5 Exterior PAN-CFRC 20(Flexural strength) 0.2 8 8.2 4 Recyclable FRP 1) CF/PC 312(Flexural strength) 0.2 90 102 5 2) GF/PC 169(Flexural strength) ) 0.2 60 69 4 3) CF/PVC 189Flexural strength) ) 0.2 90 96 3 4) GF/PVC 173(Flexural strength) ) 0.2 60 71 4 Concrete 100(Compressive strength) 0.2 50 51.2 3

As to the further development, it still remains a challenge to reinterpret and identify the large number of drilled formations as well as to discover new productive gas formations.
Moreover, the rock composition is complex that it is mainly composed of coarse grain lithic sandstone, lithic quartz sandstone and quartz sandstone as well as glutinite and little feldspathic lithic sandstone, resulting in the low accuracy of the three-porosity overlap method.
If Si is the sample number of category Ci, then the amount of information needed to classify a given data object is: I(s1,s2,…,sm)= –
Table 2 Sample numbers in identification Categories Sample number in the first calculation Sample number in the second calculation Sample number in the third calculation Type 1 65 65 65 Type 2 141 141 141 Type 3 285 285 285 Type 4 882 - - Type 5 379 379 - Type 6 41 41 41 Type 7 12 12 12 All 1805 923 544 Fig. 3 indicates that although the first global identification rate is 82.4%, it varies largely among different categories that the global identification rates of super-low yield formation and dry formation are less than 70%.
To dry formation, the relatively limited sample numbers and the insensitivity of its logging curves toward dry formation account for its low right identification rate of less than 80% in the third identification.

The density of oxygen vacancies increased dramatically after annealing at 900 °C due to appearance of a large number of SiO2, which shifts the La 3d5/3 peak to high binding energy.
This is due to the present of a large number of SiO2 at the interface after 900 °C annealing which have lager valence band and enlarger the value of whole film.
First, the structure of the La2O3 film transformed from amorphous to crystallites after annealing (the x-ray diffraction figure is not shown in this article) and the grain boundary of crystal make up a current path which enlarge the leakage current.
The maximum value of valence band slowly increases with the increase of temperatures from 600 to 800 oC and reaches a larger number at 900 oC.
The flat band voltage became more negative, illustrating the number of the oxygen vacancy in the La2O3 films increases while annealing at high temperature.

Fast drying and wetting produces forces that lead up to the loosening of grains in building stone [6].
The total number of chemoorganotrophic bacteria in the BBM culture medium was roughly identified, plus its pH value (HI 9017 pH meter, HANNA Instruments).
Unicellular organisms and organisms forming colonies were found in larger numbers than phototrophs of filamentous forms.
The lowest numbers of cyanobacteria were found on the building which was most maintained, while the highest numbers of them were found on its damp and untreated spots where filamentous forms were also identified together with unicellular cyanobacteria.
Table 1 pH levels, total numbers of bacteria and mould in 1 ml of the BBM culture medium.

The microstructure of the fabricated Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMC) clearly indicates the presence of four zones along with the particles distribution and the shape of grains, which is also seen in the literature of similar studies [7].
Fig. 7 B4C reinforced micrographs of Al-6061 (a), showing grain structures in different zones along with traces of reinforcements (b-d).
Fig. 8 shows the X-ray diffraction peaks of our samples matches with the peaks of standard card (Matched with JCPDS, PDF number 10-173, 35-798), hence no intermetallic formation has occurred as illustrated in [15].
The non-reinforced sample had less decrease in the hardness as compared to the reinforced samples this is because that more grain refinement has occurred in the non-reinforced one as the particles do not hinder the alignment of the grains along the movement of tool [17].

The new tungsten cathode materials are successfully developed in a number of laboratories and this paper gives a review and prospect for the research progress of tungsten cathode materials.
However, people find that the emission efficiency of pure tungsten electrode is too low, and the electrode might be fractured for the recrystallization and formation of equiaxed grains in high temperature [1].
The Th atoms in the W-ThO2 thermal emission material can diffuse to the surface of the tungsten electrodes along the grain boundary.
The other is the nanoparticles (film) mechanism that rare earth oxides diffuse to the surface of the electrode along the grain boundary [25], forming the ReOx (x<3/2) nanoparticles (film) emitter.
Grain size of the electrode is not well-distributed for the uneven distribution of rare earth elements, causing the layered phenomenon of the electrode in composition and organization, which lead to crack easily in the following swaging process.

Ti-Cu alloy has mainly close spherical pores, with sizes in the range of 15 and 200μm, and a small number of irregular pores.
In terms of microstructural phases, pure Ti is composed of equiaxed α grains obtained via the slow cooling from the sintering temperature.
Specifically, the addition of Cu results in a very coarse lamellar microstructure with prior β grains in the range of hundreds of microns and lamellae thickness of approximately 30 μm.
Conversely, the addition of Mn generates a much finer lamellar grain structure with ~80 μm prior β grains and significantly finer lamellae.

As can be seen, a small number of large pores is noticeable.
Microstructure of samples was represented by equiaxial grains not exceeding 10 µm.
SE (a, c) and BSE (b) SEM-images of LPBF samples formed from M-powder Discussion Production of LPBF-samples from R-powder allowed to form single-ε-phased structure with equiaxial grains and uniform distribution of components throughout the bulk of samples.
As it is known, formation of double-phased (γ+ε) state together with the small grain size allows to increase the deformational behavior of the alloy [24].
Lopez, Strain induced ε-martensite in a Co–Cr–Mo alloy: grain size effects, Mater.