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Each of these factors and all together are decision makers and, based on an established standard might transform a discontinuity in a defect.
They can cause stress concentrations and can affect the structural integrity and reduce the strength of the weld (Fig. 4).
Effects of heat treatments on mechanical strength of laser-welded equi-atomic AuCu-6at%Ga alloy.
Mechanical strength of laser-welded cobalt-chromium alloy.
Mechanical properties of laser-welded cast titanium joints under different conditions.

It was mainly formed by the landslide accumulation, accumulation of residual slope, slope collapse accumulation, accumulation of red flood formation, usually developing in the loose accumulation layer of Quaternary system [1].While it often brings serious harm to the national economy, people's normal life as well as safety and huge property losses for its larger scale, many affect factors, strong in sudden instability and complex slip conditions.
Geology and Mechanical Parameters of the Engineering The certain slope is Soil-rock mixture slope of Quaternary system, its maximum elevation is 120m and angle is 40°, most of the slope field is Soil-rock mixture slope which is mainly composed of Quaternary system accumulation, the slope was divided into upper, middle and lower layer, the upper and middle layer is Soil-rock mixture slope which is mainly composed of Quaternary system accumulation, the lower basetone layer is mainly composed of sandstone.
Physical and mechanical properties of all soil layers is following: Table.1 Physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil lithology bulk modulus () Shear modulus () bulk density () cohesion () internal friction angle () S-RMS 1 6.48e7 2.32e7 20.5 1.9e4 36 S-RMS 2 7.8e7 2.41e7 22 1.95e4 37 Baserock (sandstone) 12.1e9 9.05e9 24.5 2.1e5 40 Numerical Simulation The boundary effects is taken into consider when Modeling, the model size is shown in Figure 1, the slope height is 60m, the horizontal distance is 68.25m, the calculation of the horizontal range is 243m, the calculate depth is 120m.

This can be caused by several factors.
AMO has hard bitumen physical properties and less maltene content than AMI.
This can be caused by various factors such as aggregate gradation, the quality of the asphalt used, and the compaction process [15] Flow values increase at 25% AMI and 75% AMO variations.
The high MQ value can affect the workability of the mixture and the flexibility of the asphalt mixture.
Nesselhauf, “Sensitivity of the Flow Number to Mix Factors of Hot-Mix Asphalt,” no.

In addition,for some of the input factors it is difficult to make quantifiable predicitions of the actual frequency of occurence.
The systematic calculation of bolted joints according to VDI 2230 calls for many input factors.
Uncertainties in these input factors will result in uncertain output results.
For example, the static friction in the screwthread µG is dependent on the thread-locking fluid used, while this factor obviously does not affect µK and µTr.
To incorporate the statistical knowledge we have about µTr, µG, µK and MA, we use Monte Carlo simulations, calculating a sufficiently large number (N) of individual joints with randomly picked properties, producing a set of N tolerable loads Ftol, which form a set of values Fn.

Introduction Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique to produce continuous nanofibers with many outstanding characteristics, such as high porosity, high ratio of surface area to mass and superior mechanical properties [1].
Owing to these unique properties, electrospun nanofibers have various applications in diverse areas, such as filtration, tissue scaffolds, drug delivery devices, protective clothing, sensors and energy storage [2].
It is well known that the electrospinning process influenced by a number of variables, such as the solution properties, operational conditions and environmental parameters [9-11].
The relative humidity was the only factor varied during our experiment.
It can be seen that the relative humidity significantly affected the gelatin fiber structure in our experiment.

Research done to develop efficiency the process dialysis, not only dialysis system but also the properties of membrane dialyser which used.
In the hollow fiber process, there are several factors that affect the formation and membrane pores evolution are coagulant tub distance, the spinning temperature and coagulant tub temperature.A coagulant tub temperature could affect the asymmetrical structure of the membran pores because the relation with duration of poreformation.
In this research, we used the temperature variation of coagulant tub size pore to get the appropriate pore size, proper mechanical properties and optimal filtration capability to creatinin, and to explore the temperature of coagulant tub in yielding hollow fiber with the best filtration speed to creatinin (ml /minute).
Properties of Membranes Used for Hemodialysis Therapy.
Investigation of Snear Stress Effect within A Spinneret Onflux, Separation and Thermomechanical Properties of Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Membranes, Journal of membranes Science 175

The properties of obtained SPI membranes were investigated, such as water uptake, ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity and permeability of vanadium ion.
An ideal proton conductive membrane should possess high proton conductivity, low vanadium ion permeability, excellent chemical stability, high mechanical strength and low price [3].
And their properties including water uptake, ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity and permeability of vanadium ion were investigated and compared with NafionÒ membrane.
Oxidative stability The oxidative stability is another significant factor affecting the membrane performance.
Some properties such as WU, IEC, proton conductivity and vanadium ion V (Ⅳ) permeability of SPI membrane were determined and compared with NafionÒ 117.

The interactions with target gas at the sensor surface cause changes in the mechanical, electrical, dielectric properties of the sensing coating deposited onto acoustic transducer.
The changes in these properties will lead to change in the velocity and amplitude of wave modes, which can be measured by a frequency change when the acoustic element is realized as a delay line or resonator.
Theoretical background Generally, the SAW velocity may be perturbed by a number of factors, each of which represents a possible sensor response.
Taking into account the effects of these perturbations, the velocity of the acoustic wave are affected as follows [6]: (1) Where cm and ce are the sensitivity coefficients for mass and elasticity, ρs is mass per area,μ and λ are the shear and bulk moduli of the film, K2 is the electromechanical coupling coefficient, σs is the sheet conductivity of the film (σs=σh, where σ is the bulk conductivity and h is the coating thickness), Cs is the capacitance per length of the SAW substrate material (Cs=εs+εo, the permittivity of the substrate and the free space, respectively).

Introduction Synthetic nanotubes are attracting much interest because of their interesting properties and possible applications [1-3].
The quality of CNTs was affected by many factors, including the carbon source for the synthesis of CNT, the preparation of catalyst, the grown atmosphere in the reaction chamber, the flow rate of air, and the applied electrical field etc [8].
Further study will focus on the synthesis of CNT on the desired area of microstructure to form the practical electrical and nano-electro-mechanical systems based on nanotubes.
Popov, Carbon nanotubes: properties and application, Materials Science and Engineering, R(43), 2004, p61-102 [2] CAO Z.

Historically, large factors of safety and indiscriminate use of natural resources were adopted to ensure a design and build for life precept.
During the sintering of the product, an uneven heat transfer, shrinkage and excessive burn may affect the side surface of the product.
The predominance of these processes depends on the rotational blade speed, feed rate, friction mechanism between the blade and the product and the mechanical properties of the hollow structure mat.
Koshirai, Rheological properties for polypropylene modified by polytetrafluoroethylene, J.