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This led to increase in hardness and could also further provide better mechanical properties [16-17].
Ding, Effect of Ca content and rheo-squeeze casting parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91−1Ce−xCa alloys, Trans.
Higashi, Effects of Ca and Sr addition on mechanical properties of a cast AZ91 magnesium alloy at room and elevated temperature, Mater.
Zhu, The effect of Ca and rare earth elements on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of AZ91D, Mater.
Elen, A Comparative Study on Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of A4, AE41, AS41 and AJ41 Magnesium Alloys, J.

The capability of the engine to work efficiently in conditions at different altitude with the variant of air density is a critical factor related to higher operational ceiling.
Table 3 Analytical value of operational range versus the results from CFD simulation Altitude [ft] Rotational speed [rpm] Expected operational range: Mass flow rate [kg/s] Real operational range Mass flow rate [kg/s] Surge point Choke point Surge point Choke point 10,000 77218.6 0.12054 0.15496 0.128274 0.156779 20,000 74318.6 0.07902 0.10753 0.089066 0.108858 25,000 72800 0.06444 0.08845 0.073516 0.089853 Total isentropic properties are used for the efficiency definition in this case, as both pressure and velocity at the stage outlet are a useful form of energy in a gas turbine.
Meanwhile the work efficiency of the compressor can be affected by the conditions at lower temperature and lower pressure.
Nomenclature η Efficiency T Temperature P Pressure K Specific air ratio W Work h Enthalpy N Rotational speed of impeller Mass flow rate Subscripts th Thermal properties res Reference value pre Predict value Reference [1] Z.A.
Ling, Compressor for Miniature Unmanned Aerospace Propulsion Systems, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering: PHD thesis, the University of Sydney, 2009

Finding appropriate coating materials which are biocompatible and improve electrical properties of MEAs are among the main challenges.
A new approach to this issue is using nanomaterials such as metallic nanoparticles [3], nanostructured conductive polymers [4], and carbon nanotubes that are characterized by excellent electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties for neural interfaces [5].
Electrical properties of the nanomaterials match with the charge transport requirements of cellular interfacing besides the chemical, and the mechanical properties of nanomaterials are critical for long-term implants.
Geometrical characteristics such as mechanical conformity of the electrodes in an array will affect the electrical properties and minimize tissues damage during insertion.
The next step will be coating 3D MEAs with different materials to improve electrical properties and biocompatibility of these electrodes.

MRE is a smart material with flexible properties permitting adjustments based on magnetic field.
After taking those factors into consideration, despite the simplicity, uniformity, and accuracy in detecting gait, the usage of foot switches was avoided in previous works [11].
The rheological and electrical conductivity properties of the MRE can be adjusted by adding graphite powder into the MRE mixture [18, 19, 20].
Individual limb mechanical analysis of gait following stroke.
Zhao, “Study on the structure and properties of conductive silicone rubber filled with nickel-coated graphite,” J.

Traceability Arrangement In industrial metrology, the traceability is a new and critical property of measurements that precisely defines the link between a measurement result and the relevant unit [3].
Calibration Overview Since 3D CMM is a multifunctional device, its calibration becomes a difficult task due to multiple factors in use and many errors caused by the versatility of 3D CMM equipment.
Probability contributor factors of 3D CMM that need to be considered during the calibration process are showed in Fig. 3. 3D CMM Contributors Sensor System 3D CMM Geometry Measurement Object Software & Calculations Measurement Strategy Environment Measurement Uncertainty Fig 3.
For example, the uncertainty factors used to locate the center coordinates of a hole are different from the factors that contribute in the measurement of the diameter of the hole, even though they are both derived from the same reference points.
Based on Fig. 3, the sources of uncertainties that can affect the measurement results are as follows.

Secondly, the windings mechanical property decreases.
However, the results of the frequency response method may be affected by electric field and magnetic field, measuring length, core remanent and other uncertain factors in the application[6-7].
Test data analysis The random variable which is affected by a large number of independent and uniform actions subjects to the normal distribution by the mathematical statistics theory.

Introduction Owing to its superior physical properties (wide bandgap, high critical electric field, high thermal conductivity), its rich polytypism (4H, 6H, 3C,…) as well as the possibility of epitaxially growing GaN heterostructures or graphene on top, silicon carbide is a material of choice for a wide range of strategic applications.
Emtsev, et al. , Nature Mater. 8, 203 (2009). ], the atomic scale structural properties of the interface (in particular the presence of the so-called C buffer layer [[] F.
Lett. 103, 246804 (2009) ]) strongly affect graphene doping and carrier mobility [[] F.
However, only RCtip and Rspr are related to the “local” electrical properties of SiC surface.
As an example, this method was extremely useful to understand the behaviour of Au/3C-SiC Schottky diodes [26], where defects in the material strongly affect transport properties.

Mechanism Description Quantitative Contribution Factors Affecting Contribution Examples Ion Exchange Exchange metal ions with cations (e.g., Na⁺, K⁺) on the adsorbent surface. 30-50% of total HM removal, depending on functional groups.
Functional groups' availability, metal ion properties.
When incorporated into the synthesis process, the size of MNPs can be tuned to the nanoscale to improve the final composite's chemical reactivity and mechanical properties, as shown in Table 3.
Competitor ions decrease adsorption efficiency by occupying the active sites or changing the surface properties, affecting the nanocomposites' performance.
However, factors such as agglomeration, leaching of functional groups and volatile synthesis volumes significantly affect their effectiveness.

It is possible to represent material properties, defect geometry and loading conditions in a mathematical form, and generate what is known as a failure assessment diagram (FAD).
Tensile Properties.
The tensile properties used in this paper (Table 2) are based on tests carried out at TWI, using the same X65 parent material as that used to generate the FCGR data (see section "Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Laws").
Table 2 Room temperature material properties used in the assessment Hardness (parent) 196 HV UTS 576 MPa 0.2% Proof Stress 478 MPa Young's Modulus 207 GPa Poisson's Ratio 0.3 Static Stresses.
ECA Safety Factors.

This led to be a weaker factor of cracking on those RC structures.
Theoretically, the factors affect the bond between the stressed rebar and concrete include chemical adhesion, friction forces and mechanical anchorage of the ribs against the concrete interface.
These factors can be implicated in three major subject headings: structural characteristics, rebar properties, and concrete properties.
Where the rebar properties usually include size/geometry, loading stress, yield strength, and surface condition [1,2].
Moreover, the typical quasi-static load- displacement curves may indicate the bonding properties of different rebars.