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EPO PO Fig. 2 Epoxidation of palm oil using titanium grafted silica catalyst Methodology Chemicals and Materials.
Lopez, Characterization of linseed oil epoxidized at different percentages, Superficial materials 22 (1) (2009) 5-10
Notari, An investigation on the catalytic properties of titania–silica materials, Journal of catalysis 220 (2003) 240–248
Nur, Modification of titanium surface species of titania by attachment of silica nanoparticles, Material science and engineering B 133 (2006) 49-54
Sun, Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of silica-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 288 (2005) 149-154

Using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) a spontaneous self-organization of these structures was achieved, which introduces the possibility of using this technique to produce self-developed nanostructured multilayer coatings with different starting materials [4, 5].
Materials and Method Experimental setup.
Sun, "Influence of modulation ratio on structure and properties of nanoscale ZrB2/ZrAlN multilayered coatings," Science China Technological Sciences, vol. 53, pp. 772-775, 2010
Du, "The structure and properties of ZrAl(Y)N coatings deposited at various N2/Ar flow ratios," International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, vol. 44, pp. 60-67, 2014
Odén, "Influence of chemical composition and deposition conditions on microstructure evolution during annealing of arc evaporated ZrAlN thin films," Journal of Vacuum Science \& Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, vol. 30, p. 031504, 2012

Experimental Procedure Experiment Materials.
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Zhang: Journal of Functional Materials Vol.43 (2012), p1494 [7] Z.
Roper: Journal of Polymer Science Vol.42 (2004), p5301 [15] H.
Ropers: Journal of polymer science part a-polymer chemistry Vol.42 (2004), p5306 [19] E.

Yang: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 67 (1999), p. 195
Li: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 209 (2009), No.4, p.1950
Gremaud: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 33 (2002), No.7, P.2095
Brown, N.B.Bruce: Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 30 (1995), No.5, p.1144
Beckermann: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 30 (1999), No.5, p.1357

Beijing: Science Press, 2007
A path-independent parameter for fatigue under proportional and nonproportional loading[J], Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures. 1993, 16. 1285-1298
Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, 1988, 11(3):149-165
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Journal of Astronautics, 2007, 28(4): 824-826

According to this previous report, with addition of silica, zeolite, graphite, metal oxide nano particles or carbon nanotubel increase the properties of membrane materials especially on permeability and fouling resistance [3].
Ismail., (2012).Advanced Materials Research, 488-489, 46–50
Lee, Journal of Membrane Science, 1998. 138 (2): [5] Y, Ma.
Ghoshal, and M.K.Journal of Membrane Science, 2008. 309(1-2). 209-221 [7] Wongchitphimon, S., R.
Lo, Journal of Membrane Science, 2011. 369(1-2). 329-338

It consists of two kinds of materials with different thermal expansion coefficients.
By heating layer, two materials are heated.
Under the internal stress in two materials, resulted from different amount of expansion at the same temperature change, the bimorph generates deformation[3][4][5].
The two layers of functional materials of the actuator are Al and SiO2.
Effect of Heat Transfer on Materials Selection for Bimaterial Electrothermal Actuators[J].Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol.17, NO.3,2008：p653-667

Investigation on the application of hot forming in the automotive component design Kesu Liu1,2,3 a, Ning Ma3, b, Quankun Liu1, c 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China 2Engineering Technology Associates Inc., Shanghai, China 2School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China aliukesu@gmail.com, bningma@china.com, chflqk@163.com Keywords: Hot forming, three-point bending, light-weighting Abstract.
Multiple candidates for replacing mild steel in automotive structures have been proposed, such as advanced high strength steels (AHSS) aluminum or magnesium alloys, and composite materials [1-3].
AHSS, in particular, are attractive candidate materials, offering higher strength and the opportunity to reduce weight through use of thinner gauges.
Altan: Stamping Journal, 12(2006), 40-42
Journal of Materials Engineering, 2011, (5):88-92.

The concept of EIP by Cote & Hall (1995) [1] include: (1) Conservation of natural and financial resources (2) Reduced production, material, energy, insurance and treatment costs and liabilities (3) Improved operating efficiency, quality, population health and public image (4) Potential income through the sale of waste materials.
In addition, PCSD experts also proposed another definition of EIP: “An industrial system of planned materials and energy exchanges that seeks to minimize energy and raw materials use, minimize waste, and build sustainable economic, ecological and social relationships.”
The construction mode of EIP was that enterprises cooperated with each other and efficiently shared resources (information, materials, water, energy, infrastructure and natural habitat).
The purpose of the EIP was to minimize energy and raw materials use, minimize waste, and build sustainable economic, ecological and social relationships.
The flow of materials on the eco-industry chains are the by-product or waste resources, and the products chains are the material flow on the general industrial chains [16].Third, the different physical forms.

Velasco: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 133, (2003), p. 203
Thorpe: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol.212,(1996), p. 235
Aqeeli: Progress in Materials Science Vol. 58, (2013), p. 383
Boldyrev: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 304,(2001), p. 151
Lavernia : Progress in Materials Science Vol. 51, (2006), p. 1