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Mechanical methods (or relaxation methods) offer several advantages for measuring residual stress in heterogeneous materials [6].
A very important factor that affects the internal and residual stresses in the castings is the mould properties.
The above trend in the variations of residual strain indicates that competing factors Tp-Tm(°C) Residual Strain(*10-3) Fig. 5 Cooling curves, extracted from embedded thermocouples in central bar (CB), side bar (SB), and hot spot (HS).
At high pouring temperatures, the residual strains are relaxed in low carbon steel castings by mechanical stress relive mechanism.
Tech., Vol. 153-154 (2004) p. 209 [15] Metals Handbook, Properties and Selection: Stainless Steels, Tool Materials, and Special Purpose Metals, Vol. 3, 9th ed., American Society for Metals, 1980

Geßler et al. [10] and Beier [11] have shown, that the tensile properties of a composite laminate are barely affected.
It has been shown, that bending properties were reduced by up to 15 % for all of the binder systems tested.
But beyond the mechanical performance losses, the utilization of tackifying agents also affects preform permeabilities.
Various factors such as the influence of solvent- and water-based release agents, tooling materials, tooling temperatures and consolidation forces were taken into consideration and their suitability for DFP processes was analyzed.
Middendorf, Dry Fibre Placement: The Influence of Process Parameters on Mechanical Laminate Properties and Infusion Behaviour, Polymers 2021, Vol. 13 (21), DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13213853, 2021

Mobility Analysis of Power Flow through the Half Shaft System of the Turntable Qiuhong Lia, Kai Xueb, Yan Lic, Tao Qind College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China aliqiuhong@hrbeu.edu.cn, b xuekai@hrbeu.edu.cn, cliyan500002@126.com, d dhrbeu_qintao@126.com, Keywords: admittance matrix; power flow; vibration analysis Abstract.
The technology lays foundation on the vibration property of the turntable structure for the further research.
(10) In which is the stiffness matrix, is the damping matrix, is the damping ration factor
Fig. 6 Test platform system Fig. 7 Test platform result The expectation deviates from the experimental results for the experimental error, but it was considered that the affect can be ignored.
After analyzing the structure property of the established optimization problem, the method reflected the dynamic characteristics of every subsystem.

The mainly work location of mould is the internal surface and the inner surface of the quality directly affects the products quality.
Along with progress of the traditional surface engineering technology, the development of nanotechnology and deep research of nanometer materials, people found nano structured surface layer having specific properties, low dimension, small size, functional can significantly improve the organizational structure of the mould materials or grant new properties to mould materials, thereby nano surface engineering appears.
In order to prevent rigidity of the matrix from affecting the value of hardness, coating thickness must be more than 30 u m in hardness measurement.
Table 2 Hardness of two kinds of electro-brush coating Hardness（HV） Coating system 1 2 3 4 5 average nanocomposite electro-brush coating 679 682 676 683 685 681 ordinary nickel electro-brush coating 408 400 414 410 413 409 The comparison of the wear resistance of the coating The abrasive resistance of nanocomposite electro-brush coating layer is an important factor, which affects the usefulness of composite coatings.
Machine Building Automation,( Jun 2005, in Chinese) [4] Binshi Xu．Nano Surface Engineering[M]．Chemical Industry Press, Beiing,(2004, in Chinese) [5] Binshi Xu, Zhongwen Ou, Shining Ma．Nano Surface Engineering[J]．China Mechanical Engineering,(2000, in Chinese) [6] HU Zhenfeng, DONG Shiyuan, New Development of Nanocomposite Electro-brush Plating Technique Facing the Equipment Remanufacturing[J]．China Surface Engineering,(2010, in Chinese) [7] Longtang Xu．Properties, Structure and Codepocition Mechanism of Ni/nanopowder Compocite Coating Prepared by Electro-Brush Plating[D]．(2000, in Chinese) [8] Yoshitsugu Kimura, Masami Sekizawa, Akio Nitanai．Wear and fatigue in rolling contact, (2002) [9] Shaoju Wu．The Performance of Electro-brush Plating Nano Cr2O3-Ni Composite Coatings[J]．New Techology, (2009, in Chinese)

The disturbances can significantly affect the precision of tracking servo.
One of the major issues associated with the design of a tracking servo controller is the fact that some disturbances have unknown and possibly time varying properties.
The closed loop system performance variable is then given by: Consider the parameter as , where ,, and is a weighted function used to adjust the dynamic properties of .
In the case where the disturbance input properties are unknown and possibly time varying, it is desired to introduce adaptation in the controller design process.
Let ; ; Define and the modified error: (8) The recursive least squares algorithm with a time varying forgetting factor can be given as follows: (9) with , and where is a time varying forgetting factor satisfying .

It is possible to classify the concrete materials as a function of its main characteristics, in special the contribution of mechanical, physical, and chemical aspects in material properties.
However, the type and extension of the hydration process and alkali-silica reactions affect significantly the concrete porosity and, consequently, its permeability and durability.
The concrete quality must be to guarantee resistance against the combination of environmental factors and mechanical loading [7-11].
In addition, the use of metallic slag aggregates aiming the insertion of coarse aggregates has shown any negative effects on the structural properties of hardened concretes [22].
Monteiro: Concrete: Microstructure, Properties and Materials.

Due to the complexity and variability of unsaturated soil, the permeability property of unsaturated soils is clearly different from that of saturated soil.
Introduction Unsaturated soil is a kind of porous media which is made up by water, gas and solid particles, especially because of the existence of interface of gas in unsaturated soil, which make the permeability property of saturated soil are obviously different from saturated soil [1].
The existed research shows that the permeability of unsaturated soil is affected mainly by the saturation, types, matrix suction factors.
Measuring lower matrix suction, cavitation will occur, thus precision of measuring pore water pressure will be affected.
The soil of the experiment is taken from the Yellow River levee Puyang section which is a kind of remodeled silty clay, and the physical and mechanical indexes is shown in table 1.

This paper briefly reviews to better understand the fundamental properties of Sn whisker growth and at the same time discover the effective mitigation practices for whisker growth in green electronic devices.
Properties of Tin Whisker The Sn whisker generally refers to the thin filamentary growths of single crystal that grow out of Sn-based coatings used to protect conductors in electronics manufacturing.
The origin of the compressive stress can be mechanical, thermal, and chemical.
This is consistent with a previous study by Baated et al. who concluded that alloying elements in the Sn coatings strongly affected the shape and structure of the Sn grains, which seem to be key factors for whisker formation [25].
These modifications by alloying are often characterized by microstructural refinement and improvements in physical or functional properties.

Affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake, parts of adobe houses at the top of North Mountain started to crack and fell down.
The system monitors the factors influencing slope stability 24 hours a day including surface displacement, the groundwater level and precipitation.
Monitoring principles and mechanical model of landslides A.
Mechanical model The sliding force in the sliding mass belonging to the natural mechanical system is immeasurable, but the artificial mechanical system can be measured easily.
So we can insert the measurable artificial mechanical system into the immeasurable natural mechanical system, which makes up to a new complex system.

The mechanical properties of these two types of steel can be found in Ref.[15].
Monofractal and multifractal scaling laws for threshold stress intensity range Fracture energy and stress intensity factor for self-similar fracture surfaces.
Let us examine a two-dimensional crack problem, although generalisation to three dimensional cases does not affect the ensuing arguments.
Such a result is consistent from a physical point of view, that is to say, the invasive properties (d ) are strictly connected to the microstructural properties (e.g. maxd ).
Endo, in: Publication 1 of the European Group of Fracture, Mechanical Engineering Publications, London (1986)