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The reduction itself and the reduction rate of ferrostatic pressure play a key role in porosity formation.
The Liquid Motion Intensity (LMI) model provides these kind of data [1,2].
The roll gap data applied in the calculations are shown in Fig. 2 a./ as a function of distance from the meniscus level.

The benefits of DG include voltage improvement, loss reduction, relieved transmission and distribution congestion, improved utility system reliability and power quality.
Table-I shows the data associated with sections and load point.
DATA FOR 33-BUS RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Section From bus To bus Length of Sections (km) Load (KW) 1 1 2 1 100 2 2 3 5.3471 90 3 3 4 3.9696 120 4 4 5 4.1334 60 5 5 6 8.8829 60 6 6 7 2.0304 200 7 7 8 18.561 200 8 8 9 11.171 60 9 9 10 11.323 60 10 10 11 2.1323 45 11 11 12 4.0607 60 12 12 13 15.921 60 13 13 14 5.8742 120 14 14 15 6.4100 60 15 15 16 8.0944 60 16 16 17 13.980 60 17 17 18 7.9393 90 18 2 19 1.7787 90 19 19 20 16.314 90 20 20 21 4.4414 90 21 21 22 7.6887 90 22 3 23 4.8937 90 23 23 24 9.7397 420 24 24 25 9.7180 420 25 6 26 2.2017 60 26 26 27 3.0824 60 27 27 28 11.485 60 28 28 29 8.7223 120 29 29 30 5.5043 200 30 30 31 10.568 150 31 31 32 3.3677 210 32 32 33 3.6985 60 Case study 1: Simple radial system without tie-switch and DG A fault is considered at section 4 in a 33 bus radial distribution system.
Goswami, “Optimum allocation of distributed generations based on nodal pricing for profit, loss reduction, and voltage improvement including voltage rise issue,” Elect Power Energy System 2010, 32:637-44

., [4] reported Ag nanoparticles and SnO2 films prepared by photo reduction deposition and sol–gel method, respectively, and subsequently deposited onto TiO2 nano tubes (NTs) fabricated by electrochemical anodization.
They have reported the experimental data and the related analysis on the resistance and magneto-resistance of thin films made using a dispersion of these single-crystal nanobelts.
From the transmittance (T) data, the absorption coefficient (a) of these films were calculated in the spectral region of fundamental absorption by the following relation where d is the film thicknesses.
This reduction in the resistivity of thin films is mainly attributed to the increase in the size of the grains as evidenced by the XRD results.

These results are compared to the theoretical curve. 3.4 Discussion The results of the loading indicate that there was no significant reduction in the strength of the plate, while the plate which was embedded with the SMART Lyer® is more flexible.
Signal generation and data acquisition were conducted using the ACESS ® software, which was purchased from its developer Acellent technologies inc.
The results of the loadings indicated that there was no significant reduction in the strength of the plate, while the plate which was embedded with the SMART Layer® was more flexible.
"Can Damage be Detected without any Baseline Data?"

The Method of Study This research has been carried out in three phases: at first a phase of historical research, then a second phase of analysis of the causes of the decay in situ; at last all the data which had been gathered from the previous phases were compared one with the other.
In particular, in the most outstanding cases where the cracks might potentially be still active, the data derived from the historical researches have helped to define the areas where to check these cracks by means of scientific instruments.
The reduction of the piers at the base of the building; their thickness resulted thinner than 4 ounces as regards that on the upper levels.
New causes of decay: the XIXth and the XXth century restorations During the two centuries several restorations have been carried out, even though they sometimes caused further structural problems: 1. the opening of the two large French windows on the first level, towards Palazzo della Ragione, took the place of two pre-existing windows determining a further reduction of the masonry. 2. in 1942 the restoring executed by the architect Aldo Andreani (A.Andreani, 1915 and 1942) involved the demolition of the tower which was connected to Palazzo della Ragione.

This results in considerable reduction of amount of segregation.
Hence any reduction in the quantity of formwork is reflected in economy.
The only way is to formulate an empirical equation from the data obtained of experimental procedure or from field data or to formulate a theoretical model using the mechanical as well as rheological properties of SCC.

Separate research carried out by Lee et al. [13] showed significant reduction in the weld hardness due to the evolution of bigger grain size in the weld zone of FSW AZ31 alloy.
In Section 3, the data of temperature filed, microstructure and mechanical performance of welded joint in three dimensions are presented.
The average tensile data showed a joint efficiency of about 75.8% respect to the UTS (234Mpa).It can be seen that the FSW process led to a 25% decrease of the tensile strength, and also to a reduction of the elongation to failure.

Load and displacement data obtained from the data logger software were then used to calculate the respective maximum shear strengths using Eq. 1 in which R, t, P and τ represent punch radius, thickness of the sample, maximum shear force exerted and ultimate shear strength.
The results summarized in Table 3 recorded a reduction of the average grain size from 123.1 μm in the BM to about 5.0 to 6.2 μm in the SZ, regardless of the different process parameters used to conduct FSP.
Sample Average grain size [μm] Average Vickers Hardness [HV] Ultimate Shear Strength [MPa] Base Metal 123.1 ± 28.6 69.9 ± 4.2 123.9 ± 5.7 SZ of Experiment 1 5.7 ± 0.5 86.7 ± 2.0 143.0 ± 5.4 SZ of Experiment 2 5.0 ± 0.3 86.4 ± 2.0 143.5 ± 3.8 SZ of Experiment 3 6.2 ± 0.2 81.4 ± 1.2 140.6 ± 3.6 According to the Hall-Petch relationship, grain size reduction can improve the mechanical properties of a material via grain boundary strengthening.

While performing such experiments we have observed changes in the resulting lifetime spectra that depend on the initial positron beam density and, combined with information about the properties of the materials irradiated, we interpret these data as being due to the formation of Ps2.
In fact the reduction in the quenching signal was identical to the reduction of the population of the positronium surface state caused by thermal desorption, indicating that the quenching was a surface process.
Although these experiments could be in principle be performed using the beam as it is now, the higher density beam will significantly improve the quality of the data and help to avoid problems with sample surface contamination that occur when long run times are needed [11].

It should be note that, as there is essentially no cross-section reduction, the fracture of these rods/tubes looks brittle.
The data are plotted in Fig. 15.
Here, the only data that can be used to assess the mechanical behavior of the target rods are the tensile test results of some specimens of Zircaloy 2 irradiated in STIP-2 (the 2nd experiment of the SINQ Target Irradiation Program [5]) or Target-4.
A STIP-2 specimen which was annealed at 800°C for 1 hour did not show any reduction of hardness.