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Used in photography, camera, size measurement, for quantitative data from the camera is not high precision requirements.
It causes reduction in the illumination at point B.
(a) Aperture 1.4, Exposure time 20ms (b) Aperture 1.4, Exposure time 40ms (c) Aperture 8, Exposure time 40ms Data analysis and validation After collecting several images under different exposure, the paper carries on the analysis to them can know that no matter which causes bring the vignetting, it is always related to the size of the angle between incident light and the main optical axis.
This data tested the conclusion that the size of the aperture will have an impact on the vignetting, and the exposure time does not affect it.

Materials and methods Materials data and characterisation.
Results and discussion Hot hardness data.
Fig. 2. a) Summary of hot hardness data; b) HT-CIAT volumetric wear at elevated temperature.
Low hot hardness of material C allows a strong interaction of abrasive SiO2 particles with the ductile surface zone within the impact region, resulting in a pronounced formation of a mechanically mixed layer which enables the protection of the material and reduction of the wear rate.

If we can recycle and reutilize them effectively, we can not only add tem up to obtain energies we need, but also save energies and follow the principle of sustainable scientific development so as to reach the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction [1].
The data is measured through experiments: Table 1.1 Output power of thermoelectric generation property test experiment Temperature/°C Resistance/Ω 20 30 40 50 60 70 2 0.0483 0.0920 0.1740 0.2357 0.4210 0.5832 3 0.0512 0.1073 0.2034 0.2914 0.4938 0.6530 4 0.0432 0.1039 0.2032 0.2756 0.4418 0.6534 5 0.0381 0.6214 0.1819 0.2432 0.4109 0.6232 It can be concluded from the above experimental data that the output power increases with the increase in the temperature difference.
The test data of thermoelectric generation performance are obtained through comparative tests so that methods to improve this device from the aspect of materials and generating mechanism are put forward so as to reach better generating performance and the maximum generated output.

Although a reduction of the center segregation was achieved using this type of stirring, the methods are not considered effective enough to meet the quality requirements for high-grade steels.
It is found that when the time interval of periodic reversed magnetic field the maximum velocity change rate along time in the liquid metal could be obtained. 2.2 Numerical simulation of intermittently reversing direction EMS A 2D flow field mathematical model was developed as ref [6], in which the slip ratio was took into account, The electromagnetic force under the cylindrical coordinate system is shown as below[6], the periodically direction reverse of EM force was realized by change the sign of : （1） Fig. 3 Comparison of measured and numerical velocity Fig. 4 The processing result of experimental and simulation Fluctuation at P for f=4Hz and ti=30s data The simulation results are shown in Fig.3 as well as the experimental results.
Because of the violently fluctuation of the metal flow field due to the turbulence flow, a smooth treatment is conducted to the experiment data with adjective average methods.
And the numerical simulation result is in a good agreement with the experiment data. 2.3 Evaluation of the intensity of the periodic reversed EMS A new parameter defined as …(2) in order to took both the flow velocity and velocity changing rate with time into account when measuring the stirring intensity.

The used data is available from different sources and publications, as shown in Table 1.
Time: 0.1 sec Time: 0.2 sec Time: 0.3 sec Time: 0.4 sec Time: 0.5 sec Fig. 2 Finite element simulation of the clinching process (steel-steel thickness 1.2 mm) The reduction in thickness of the flat bottom mentioned in previous studies was evaluated by measuring the clinched resistance (strength) experimentally, where the data was compared with the numerical one [5,6].
The clinching process parameters need to be optimized to get more thickness in the bottom of the joints without affecting the other parameters, and this is achieved not only by optimization but also by obtaining an accurate experimental data for the material behavior and properties in order to reach the maximum strength and the highest quality of the joint.

Using two dimensional wavelet transforms, an image can be decomposed as Eq.1, (1) The two-dimensional wavelet transform is performed by applying one-dimensional wavelet transform to the rows and columns of two-dimensional data.
To compute the likelihood, the authors proposed to use PCA to do dimension reduction and model the distribution as a multivariate Gaussian: (5) (6) is the average of the eigenvalues of the complement space: The authors also pointed out that since the intrapersonal eigenspace corresponds to a more tightly constrained subspace, we can only use as a simplified similarity measure.
Fig.2 presents our results for the FERET data sets.
Our arithmetic is named as wave_Bayesian_ML, from the figure, we see evidence that the our algorithms performs better than all the other algorithms on the data sets, the results show that the ML classifier outperforms the more complex Bayesian MAP classifier.

(11) We plot h/L as a function of θ in Fig. 3.We find that the equation (11) well fits this data for all values of θ with a single fit parameter.
The fact that our data are well fit by a single parameter K, which falls within this range suggests that our approximation is valid.
Fitted values of the characteristic filling height, h per width, L is plotted against various angles of inclination Summary In this research, we have shown that the data are fitted to our model of h/L as a function of the angle of inclination θ, as described in Eq. (11).
Sloan, Slope stability analysis by means of finite element limit analysis and finite element strength reduction techniques.

- Reduction of vegetative cycles
The display is an output data device built with a two rows screen of 16 columns provided with an ASCII code.
In optimal situation all actuators work, in media heater is deactivated because it consumes many energy and in low charge no body works and wait to charge the battery. 2.- It measures the humidity and fertilizer level and according to data obtained activate the actuators to provide water and fertilizer. 3.- It measures the environment temperature, if it is low and battery is charged, it activates the heater.
If it is high it activates the fans. 4.- It measures the relative humidity and it actives the fans if it is the case. 5.- It storages the data obtained to be used or statics manipulated. 6.- A delay takes place to continue to the next survey.

The X-ray diffractograms were recorded from 5 to 40° of 2θ (Bragg angle) by a goniometer equipped with scintillation counter at a scanning speed of 0.02°/s and sampling rate of 2 data/s.
The absorbance intensity of C=O peak was increased with an increase in reaction time and molar ratio of acetic anhydride (no data present).
Nevertheless, the greater alkali solution concentration caused a reduction of maximum degradation temperature of treated OPEFB fibres (data not shown).

The Theory of Wavelet Transform Wavelet transform is an emerging discipline of the last decade, which has been widely used in the signal processing, signal noise reduction, signal recognition, and many other areas.
Wavelet neural network output dataare available fitting in wavelet (6) Here, is the fitting data, is the weights, is the expansion factor of wavelet, is the translation factor of wavelet；is the number of wavelet.
The established prediction model based on this method is dynamic, only with the accumulation of the measured data can constantly perfect this evaluation system, so that the prediction results will be more close to reality.
Estimation and Forecasting of Daily Suspended Sediment Data Using Wavelet Neural Networks.