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At 1350 °C, as the crystallization continued to increase, a large number of crystal phases were arranged regularly and closely, crowding out mostly the interspaces within the microporous materials, which led to comparatively low porosity, high tightness density and flexural strength.
Up to 1355 °C, although the crystallization increased, the grains grew rapidly, arraying randomly and even agglomerating, the aperture also grew, which made the porosity rise, therefore the density and flexural strength was both reduced. 1320 1330 1340 1350 1360 100 150 200 250 sintering temperature/℃ flexural strength /MPa 3.3 Influence on internal structure with sintering temperatures Fig.5 and Fig.6 show the changes in the micropores inside the material with the sintering temperatures.
As the temperature rises to 1350 °C, a large number of small granular α-cordierites arise, and distribute randomly throughout the material inside, while the glass phase nearly disappears.

(a) (b) (c) (d) fig.4 Micro-morphology of the coatings deposited in different KF concentrations (a)0g/L (b)5g/L (c)10g/L (d)15g/L As KF concentration increases, pores’ size increases but the number decreases. when the KF concentration is slow, the coating grows so slowly that molten oxides solidified inadequately. however, when it is high, the high temperature oxide solidified so rapidly that discharge channels are filled unevenly leading to many microcrack and coarse-grained structure.
Acknowledgements This research work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 51061006).

As billets are in strong 3D compressive stress state during the extrusion process, the original recrystallized structures in soft state or casting structures are destroyed, lead to a large number of dislocation slip belts which can eliminate the defects generated in the casting.
The material hardening after deformation presents obviously, grain refinement, compact structure and deformation texture appear prominent.
The speed of the top die is 20mm/s.The part is extruded at room temperature (20℃), the step length is 0.5mm, the total number of steps is 60, and the stroke of the top die is 30mm.

By this method, not only the next polishing time decreases, but also figuring efficiency increases through the possibility of using bigger abrasive grain size.
Concerning "area profiling method", experience shows that long measuring time, huge data processing and number of sample points are some restrictions.
After calibration of Microsense console (Micro sense Micro sense ADE console Data acquisition system Capacitor probe Co-focal microscope XY servo control table 3401HR), the sample surface was scanned by Probe ID Number 2102/2036 K with proper pitch distance(0.8mm) between measuring nodes. [10] "Out of flatness" and "waviness topography of rough isotropic quartz surface" which are measured by a capacitor-base instrument, were compared with laser and stylus measurement methods.
The data is stored as a matrix representing surface height defined as Z(N,M), which M is the number of traces, and N is the number of nodes on each trace.
-55.901 0 1 2 3 5 4 6 1 2 3 5 4 µm mm -40 0.25 -20 )0()0( 00 t t Z t t Z = (2) )()( 01 aZ t t aZ tt = (3) )()( 0 iaZ t t iaZ tti = (4) Fig. 7 Nozzle path for figure correction Fig. 8 Discretion of nozzle foot print that measured by laser measuring machine The sum of material removed on the first node will be: (5) ∑∑ + − + − = i i t i i i t iaZ t t iaZ i )( )( Where, i is the number of nodes from the centre of the nozzle to the adjacent edge.

Compression at a very early age leads to an increase in the number of peaks related to hexagonal hydroaluminates and aluminum hydroxide.
This is illustrated by an increase of a number of related peaks in X-ray patterns.
In reference [23] this fact is deemed to be related with compaction under compression and reduction of porosity [24]; this is seen as a result of moisture diffusion to unhydrated cement grains and increase of degree of hydration in other writings [25-27].
In addition to comparison of heights of peaks of cement phases and fixing new peaks of hydration products, the number and intensity of peaks of CAH10 and C2AH8 hydrates, crystalline phase of AH3 (gibbsite), C4AH(13-19) and cubic phase of C3AH6 were estimated.
Stressed samples aged 7 days with water-cement ratio =0.28 generate a greater number of hydration products than the stressed samples with water-cement ratio =0.25 (Fig.3).

A lot of information can be obtained by applying X-ray diffraction analysis to the determination and analysis of the order of clusters and atomic structures, such as: radial distribution function RDF, two-body correlation function PDF, atomic density, coordination number (N), structure factor S (Q), etc., these parameters can reflect the structural characteristics of the melt.
Density [8] is related to the coordination number and interatomic distance of the melt atoms, and the influence of temperature on the melt density varies with the change of the melt structure.
Solve calculation problems through random numbers or pseudo-random numbers.
The results showed that the microstructure of Al50Mg50 amorphous alloy Many different structure types are composed of short-range ordered structural units, among which the icosahedral basic atomic cluster is its main short-range ordered structural unit and it inhibits crystallization, and the number of atoms of the cluster shows a magic number sequence. 3.2 Domestic research progress Jiang J Z [15] carried out extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurement on the K edge of liquid Zn metal at different temperatures, and further confirmed the shrinkage behavior of the average atomic bond length in the first shell of the melt when heated.
The alloy metallographic structure observation and mechanical property test show that the structural transformation makes the grain size of the alloy solidified structure significantly refined and the grain morphology tends to be equiaxed; after heat treatment, the alloy yield strength increases by about 18%, and the surface Rockwell hardness increased by about 14%.

The average grain size indeed decreases from 160 to 90mm with the Mn addition because of its austenite stabilizing nature.
Evolution of different cluster parameters with the 600°C aging time: a) chemical composition (CC), average size (AS) (radius), b) number density (ND).
At short aging times, the number density of precipitates formed in the Fe-Cu alloy is far lower than in the Fe-Cu-1Mn alloy, see Fig.3b.
Due to the simultaneous augmentation of the number density of precipitates, the magnitude and kinetics of over aging are also magnified at least up to 120 min of aging at 600°C.
As a result of the increases of the precipitation kinetics and of the number density of Cu-rich particles the peak aging time is reduced in the Mn bearing alloy.

From the 1970s, psychologists put forward a number of non-geometric similar models, in which the similarity models, proposed by Tversky's model in 1977 [6], has been widely concerned and applied in the fields of cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence.
For A, B is defined as the ontology onto the entities; the concept of ontology similarity algorithm should have the following three features: Features 1: similarity of the results of the calculation should be a continuous change in the value of a more fine-grained to reflect the degree of similarity of the concept of money.
(6) TC is the number of correct classified texts, FC is the number of wrong classified texts and MC is the number of texts which supposed to classify the category but did not.
MC is the number of texts which is not supposed to classify the category and also did not.

The affecting factors mainly include the physical and mechanical properties of foundation soils, such as standard penetration test (SPT) number N, side friction fs of CPT, cone tip resistance qc of CPT, depth z, void ratio e, compression modulus Es, water content w, density ρ, specific gravity of soil grain Gs and type of soils T.
The minimum error corresponding to spread of GRNN is the final network selected value, which is shown as follows: （3） where spread is the undetermined parameter of the GRNN, n is number of samples, e is corresponding error, Xi is input sample and Yi is the corresponding output sample of each input sample.
The cohesive soils are represented by the number 1, and non-cohesive soils by the number 0.
For example, when the input number of soil type is 0, the trained GRNN can identify automatically the characteristics of non-cohesive soils and seek the corresponding shear wave velocity.

Chemical conditions of the different baths for CBD-ZnS deposition Bath number/concentration Thiourea [mol/L] ZnCl2 [mol/L] KOH [mol/L] NH4NO3 [mol/L] 1 0.2 0.02 0.7 0.5 2 0.2 0.02 0.7 0.4 3 0.2 0.02 0.6 0.5 4 0.2 0.02 0.6 0.4 5 0.2 0.02 0.5 0.5 6 0.2 0.02 0.5 0.4 3.
It can be seen from Fig. 1 that grain size decreases as the [KOH] decreases.
It can be noted from Table 3, that as KOH concentration decreases, the values of Eg establish at 3.77~3.78 eV, very close to the theoretical value of Eg [1] especially for baths number 5 and 6.
Film thickness and Zn/S atomic ratio as a function of deposition time for bath number 5.
The deposited films presented an amorphous structure and the optimal chemical conditions correspond to the films prepared with bath number 5 conditions.