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Online since: October 2011
Authors: Bin Zhao, Yu Zhu Zhang, Wei Ran Zhang, Jian Cui
And the data of design condition generally has a certain margin.
Generally, it puts design condition as the scale, and fluctuates around the design condition, in other words, the changes of operating condition data in specific range are normal state.
The data about main technical and economic index in each condition are collected in WISCO and shown in Table 2.
In Table 2, the evaluation index data which come from actual collection and calculation shows that prediction condition is the best condition, its efficiency of waste heat recovery and efficiency of power generation are the maximum, and design values of each evaluation index are better than the index value of operating condition.
The data in Table 2 are real data by actually collecting, so the data have greater objectivity.
Generally, it puts design condition as the scale, and fluctuates around the design condition, in other words, the changes of operating condition data in specific range are normal state.
The data about main technical and economic index in each condition are collected in WISCO and shown in Table 2.
In Table 2, the evaluation index data which come from actual collection and calculation shows that prediction condition is the best condition, its efficiency of waste heat recovery and efficiency of power generation are the maximum, and design values of each evaluation index are better than the index value of operating condition.
The data in Table 2 are real data by actually collecting, so the data have greater objectivity.
Online since: June 2025
Authors: Hiram Ndiritu, Meshack Hawi, Jackline Mwende Mutunga, Peter Oketch
The developed simulation model was validated against experimental data.
A good agreement between the experimental data and the Langmuir–Freundlich fitting curve was observed, as depicted in Fig. 1.
The breakthrough results from the developed simulation model were validated against experimental data.
Simulation and experimental data on breakthrough curves.
Simulation and experimental data on breakthrough curves.
A good agreement between the experimental data and the Langmuir–Freundlich fitting curve was observed, as depicted in Fig. 1.
The breakthrough results from the developed simulation model were validated against experimental data.
Simulation and experimental data on breakthrough curves.
Simulation and experimental data on breakthrough curves.
Online since: September 2023
Authors: Miguel Ángel Pardo-Vicente, Daniel Moreno Nieto, Daniel Moreno-Sanchez, Pablo Pavón-Domínguez, Miriam Herrera-Collado
Results show a similar maximum stress for both groups, but a drastic reduction of the plastic area in the parts with defects.
It has a low impact resistance and flexibility, a recommended printing temperature around 210±10 ºC, and with a tensile strength at break of 50 MPa according to the manufacturer's data sheet [14].
Figure 6 also represents these parameters, but with the addition of error lines due to the dispersion of the data.
Comparison of average Young's modulus, strain and maximum stress data of specimens from group A (non-overlapping defects) and B (overlapping defects) according to their layer thickness in mm.
- Overlapping defects cause a reduction in the plastic zone, specifically between 50.9 % in the case of a layer height of 0.20 mm and 85.4 % in the case of a layer height of 0.12 mm
It has a low impact resistance and flexibility, a recommended printing temperature around 210±10 ºC, and with a tensile strength at break of 50 MPa according to the manufacturer's data sheet [14].
Figure 6 also represents these parameters, but with the addition of error lines due to the dispersion of the data.
Comparison of average Young's modulus, strain and maximum stress data of specimens from group A (non-overlapping defects) and B (overlapping defects) according to their layer thickness in mm.
- Overlapping defects cause a reduction in the plastic zone, specifically between 50.9 % in the case of a layer height of 0.20 mm and 85.4 % in the case of a layer height of 0.12 mm
Online since: May 2022
Authors: Rabah Abdelkader, Naim Ramou, Mohammed Khorchef
Secondly, a preprocessing operation based on an improved version of denoising by soft thresholding of wavelet coefficients and an optimized threshold is applied to improve the image quality (noise reduction, contrast enhancement).
controls the smoothness of the zero level set, increases the propagation speed, and controls the image data-driven force inside and outside the contour, respectively.
The goal of the FCM algorithm is to find an optimal fuzzy partition for the objective function that is minimized [17, 23-24]: (22) where, is the membership degree of in cluster ,is the of the data measured in dimension , is the center of the cluster, and || * || is a norm expressing the similarity between any measured data and the center.
We note that these values are small for the results obtained by the Biorthogonal 2.2 wavelet (bior2.2) compared to those obtained by Daubechies wavelets (db2, db3), Symlet3 wavelet (sym3), and Coiflets 2 wavelet (coif 2) that means that the denoising by the wavelet mother bior2.2 is better than the others in terms of noise reduction.
controls the smoothness of the zero level set, increases the propagation speed, and controls the image data-driven force inside and outside the contour, respectively.
The goal of the FCM algorithm is to find an optimal fuzzy partition for the objective function that is minimized [17, 23-24]: (22) where, is the membership degree of in cluster ,is the of the data measured in dimension , is the center of the cluster, and || * || is a norm expressing the similarity between any measured data and the center.
We note that these values are small for the results obtained by the Biorthogonal 2.2 wavelet (bior2.2) compared to those obtained by Daubechies wavelets (db2, db3), Symlet3 wavelet (sym3), and Coiflets 2 wavelet (coif 2) that means that the denoising by the wavelet mother bior2.2 is better than the others in terms of noise reduction.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Jacques Huot, Manuel Tousignant
When vanadium is replaced by ferrovanadium there is an important reduction of lattice parameter.
Since for x=-0.2 and -0.1 the alloys with pure vanadium do not present C14 phase these data points are absent in the figure.
Upon hydrogenation, the BCC phase does not change to a FCC phase as it could be expected but keep its BCC phase with an increase of lattice parameter and reduction of crystallite size.
[20] Bruker AXS, TOPAS V4: General profile and structure analysis software for powder diffraction data (Karlsruhe, Germany, 2008).
Since for x=-0.2 and -0.1 the alloys with pure vanadium do not present C14 phase these data points are absent in the figure.
Upon hydrogenation, the BCC phase does not change to a FCC phase as it could be expected but keep its BCC phase with an increase of lattice parameter and reduction of crystallite size.
[20] Bruker AXS, TOPAS V4: General profile and structure analysis software for powder diffraction data (Karlsruhe, Germany, 2008).
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Alexander S. Gorshkov, Ekaterina Ivanova
In this case, item.5.13 SNIP 23-02 [19] admits a reduction of the rated value of the reduced thermal resistance for walls of residential and public buildings by 37 % in the accomplishment requirements “c” item.5.1.
Initial data for calculation of thermal parameters Initial data: – The construction region – the city of St.
(rus) [21] Gorshkov, A.S.: The energy efficiency in the field of construction: questions of norms and standarts and solutions for the reduction of energy consumption at buildings (2010) Magazine of Civil Engineering, No.1, рр. 9-13
Initial data for calculation of thermal parameters Initial data: – The construction region – the city of St.
(rus) [21] Gorshkov, A.S.: The energy efficiency in the field of construction: questions of norms and standarts and solutions for the reduction of energy consumption at buildings (2010) Magazine of Civil Engineering, No.1, рр. 9-13
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Raphael Deltombe, Anastasia Belotserkovets, Laurent Dubar
Pressure in the valley, plateaus lengths are entry data in this step.
This calculation has a time delay because the volume which leaks away (Vi) is calculated from t increment data and is imposed during t + Δt increment (figure 5).
Rolling parameters such as speeds, strip reduction and lubricant characteristics impact the final strip aspect.
The final thickness is obtained after 10 rolling passes, with reduction ratio decreasing from 25% to 10%.
This calculation has a time delay because the volume which leaks away (Vi) is calculated from t increment data and is imposed during t + Δt increment (figure 5).
Rolling parameters such as speeds, strip reduction and lubricant characteristics impact the final strip aspect.
The final thickness is obtained after 10 rolling passes, with reduction ratio decreasing from 25% to 10%.
Online since: October 2020
Authors: Dwita Suastiyanti, Yuli Nurul Maulida, Merlin Wijaya
Over the years, there has been sustained effort to increase ferromagnetic correlation in BiFeO3 inseveral ways among others : size reduction [21,22], chemical alloying [23,24,25,26,27,28] and biaxial stress in the epitaxial film [29].
Particle Size of Powder With Different Temperatures and Times of Sintering Sinter Temperature (oC) Time of Sintering (Hours) Particle Size (nm) 700 2 90 700 4 93 700 6 94 750 2 54 750 4 55 750 6 57 800 2 72 800 4 74 800 6 76 The data in Table 1 is illustrated in Fig. 2 as follows Figure 2.
Particle Size of Powder With Different Temperatures and Times of Sintering Increasing sintered temperature from 700 to 750oC causes a drastic reduction in particle size.
Value of Remanent, Coersivity and Saturation Polarization of Powder at All Conditions Sinter Temperature (oC) Time of Sintering (Hours) Electric Remanent (µC/cm2) Electric Coersivity (V/cm) Electric Polarization Saturation (µC/cm2) 700 2 47,08 64,97 51,88 700 4 50,65 69,77 52,79 700 6 51,45 74,88 55,98 750 2 63,75 75,65 70,89 750 4 64,98 79,89 71,43 750 6 65,44 81,60 72,51 800 2 52,26 70,86 56,79 800 4 56,98 75,78 60,66 800 6 60,07 78,66 63,99 Data from Table 2 is illustrated in Fig. 3, 4 and 5 as follows : Figure 3.
Particle Size of Powder With Different Temperatures and Times of Sintering Sinter Temperature (oC) Time of Sintering (Hours) Particle Size (nm) 700 2 90 700 4 93 700 6 94 750 2 54 750 4 55 750 6 57 800 2 72 800 4 74 800 6 76 The data in Table 1 is illustrated in Fig. 2 as follows Figure 2.
Particle Size of Powder With Different Temperatures and Times of Sintering Increasing sintered temperature from 700 to 750oC causes a drastic reduction in particle size.
Value of Remanent, Coersivity and Saturation Polarization of Powder at All Conditions Sinter Temperature (oC) Time of Sintering (Hours) Electric Remanent (µC/cm2) Electric Coersivity (V/cm) Electric Polarization Saturation (µC/cm2) 700 2 47,08 64,97 51,88 700 4 50,65 69,77 52,79 700 6 51,45 74,88 55,98 750 2 63,75 75,65 70,89 750 4 64,98 79,89 71,43 750 6 65,44 81,60 72,51 800 2 52,26 70,86 56,79 800 4 56,98 75,78 60,66 800 6 60,07 78,66 63,99 Data from Table 2 is illustrated in Fig. 3, 4 and 5 as follows : Figure 3.
Online since: August 2017
Authors: Sitthi Duangphet, Damian Szegda, Karnik Tarverdi, Jim Song
Combining inorganic fillers and polymers is a common practice in packaging, not only for reduction of costs, but also for improvements of properties that are important in packaging, such as barrier [4,5] and mechanical properties [6].
The XRD data were recorded in the scattering angle range of 2θ = 5-55° at room temperature.
Moreover, the crystal growth rates were investigated by plotting crystal size against time (data not shown) and the slopes of the graphs can be interpreted to crystal growth rates.
Although adding filler to PHBV reduces cost and/or improves some properties of PHBV, it can also have some adverse effects, such as molecular weight reduction leading to unacceptable performance [9,16,17].
The XRD data were recorded in the scattering angle range of 2θ = 5-55° at room temperature.
Moreover, the crystal growth rates were investigated by plotting crystal size against time (data not shown) and the slopes of the graphs can be interpreted to crystal growth rates.
Although adding filler to PHBV reduces cost and/or improves some properties of PHBV, it can also have some adverse effects, such as molecular weight reduction leading to unacceptable performance [9,16,17].
Online since: May 2010
Authors: Paul Edwards, Todd Morton, Gregory L. Ramsey
For better resolution of hardness
variations between the base metal, heat affected zone and weld nugget, the data from a single
microhardness traverse in the 2-D grid, across the mid-thickness of the weld is given in Figure 4 b.
However, a 25% reduction in elongation for the longitudinal specimens and a 55% reduction for the transverse welds were seen.
[4] ATI 425®Alloy Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet
However, a 25% reduction in elongation for the longitudinal specimens and a 55% reduction for the transverse welds were seen.
[4] ATI 425®Alloy Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet