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Online since: June 2013
Authors: Lin Li, Yan Lin He, Xiao Gang Lu, Wei Sen Zheng
And the evaluation of the ternary system agrees better with experimental data, which is used in this study.
On the contrary, the phase fractions based on the FEDA database are in better agreement with experimental data at 720, 740, 760 and 780℃.
During the optimization of the Fe-Al-C system [14], the A1 data which Li used to optimize the Fe-Al-C system are given more weight than A3 data.
Then A1 values of Fe-Al-C ternary compounds agreed better with the measured data according to Li.
But at higher temperatures the calculation results still deviate from the experimental data, as shown in Fig. 4.
On the contrary, the phase fractions based on the FEDA database are in better agreement with experimental data at 720, 740, 760 and 780℃.
During the optimization of the Fe-Al-C system [14], the A1 data which Li used to optimize the Fe-Al-C system are given more weight than A3 data.
Then A1 values of Fe-Al-C ternary compounds agreed better with the measured data according to Li.
But at higher temperatures the calculation results still deviate from the experimental data, as shown in Fig. 4.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Ying Qi Liu, Yi Jun Liu
Therefore, the decline in the price of Polysilicon is the key to PV cost reduction.
Data Collection.
Since most of our Polysilicon industry depends on importing raw materials from abroad, we chose the international market's data from the end of 2003 to the middle of 2010, and the data is acquired by every six month.
The historical data presented at the following table[3]: TABLE II.
Gray prediction (GM (1,1)) model: Note that the period of Polysilicon raw data sequence , 1-AGO sequence generated , Note .
Data Collection.
Since most of our Polysilicon industry depends on importing raw materials from abroad, we chose the international market's data from the end of 2003 to the middle of 2010, and the data is acquired by every six month.
The historical data presented at the following table[3]: TABLE II.
Gray prediction (GM (1,1)) model: Note that the period of Polysilicon raw data sequence , 1-AGO sequence generated , Note .
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Wateno Oetomo, Hary Moetriono
This study was conducted to know the elements of management tools (PDCA elements), management performance (5M elements), which is positive and significant impact on the management of the target (elements of the project target), especially the quality performance of project road implementation
Data collection technique was performed by distributing questionnaires questions / statements to the respondents of the project main actors comprised of executive contractors in the road project implementation, then did data processing previously performed data collection and tabulation of data.
Management should be able to face business environment to realize the cost reduction: (2).
Management should be able to face business environment to realize the cost reduction: (2).
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Wei Yang, Qing Chen, Jian Hua Chen, Cong Han, Shu Guang Wang
Data analysis
1) Natural ventilation quantity and radon exhalation rate
Radon exhalation rate is calculated according to Eq.4.
This conclusion is consistent with the analysis results of the above measured data.
Effective data of a total of 56 groups is obtained in the experiment.
Radon Measurement and Practical Data [M].
Estimating large-scale fractured rock properties from radon data collected in a ventilated tunnel[A].
This conclusion is consistent with the analysis results of the above measured data.
Effective data of a total of 56 groups is obtained in the experiment.
Radon Measurement and Practical Data [M].
Estimating large-scale fractured rock properties from radon data collected in a ventilated tunnel[A].
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Bao Lin Song
(6)
3) h1(t) to determine whether the IMF, if h1(t) do not satisfy the IMF condition, the h1(t)as the original data, repeat steps 1) and 2), until the h1(t) satisfies IMF condition.
DIAGNOSIS EXAMPLE 3.1The test and data acquisition In a test bench for a diesel engine frame, setting conditions for the crankshaft speed 1900r/min, half.
Each successive sampling 10 times, a total of 50 data samples. 3.2 feature extraction and selection Each data sample contains 15 working cycle, on the basis of TDC signal interception 5 cycles as a unit of analysis, in which each sample has three units of analysis, and then eliminate the wrong point and eliminate trend for each vibration signal analysis unit.
The sample data of [-1, 1] normalization, suitable for the formation of support vector machine classification of fault data samples, and then select the principal components accounted for 95%, PCA dimensionality reduction preprocessing the dimension of the samples from 6dimensions to 3 dimensions.
Table 1 shows the normalized training set data (due to limited space, only list for each state of each group of data).
DIAGNOSIS EXAMPLE 3.1The test and data acquisition In a test bench for a diesel engine frame, setting conditions for the crankshaft speed 1900r/min, half.
Each successive sampling 10 times, a total of 50 data samples. 3.2 feature extraction and selection Each data sample contains 15 working cycle, on the basis of TDC signal interception 5 cycles as a unit of analysis, in which each sample has three units of analysis, and then eliminate the wrong point and eliminate trend for each vibration signal analysis unit.
The sample data of [-1, 1] normalization, suitable for the formation of support vector machine classification of fault data samples, and then select the principal components accounted for 95%, PCA dimensionality reduction preprocessing the dimension of the samples from 6dimensions to 3 dimensions.
Table 1 shows the normalized training set data (due to limited space, only list for each state of each group of data).
Inhibition of Steel-Rebar Corrosion in Industrial/Microbial Simulating-Environment by Morinda lucida
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Joshua Olusegun Okeniyi, Cleophas Akinloto Loto, Abimbola Patricia I. Popoola
Data Analyses.
Distributions of test-data scatter like each of the fitting functions were studied using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, K-S, goodness-of-fit, GoF, statistics [7,20-21] and test of significance of differences in test-data between duplicate specimens were studied using the student’s t-test statistics, both at α = 0.05.
The homoscedastic, hom, and heteroscedastic, het, t-tests showed that differences encountered in the HCP data of the 0.0833% duplicates and the HCP data of the 0.3333% duplicates were significant, Fig. 2(b).
Popoola, Probability density fittings of corrosion test-data: Implications on C6H15NO3 effectiveness on concrete steel-rebar corrosion.
Standard guide for applying statistics to analysis of corrosion data, ASTM International West Conshohocken PA
Distributions of test-data scatter like each of the fitting functions were studied using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, K-S, goodness-of-fit, GoF, statistics [7,20-21] and test of significance of differences in test-data between duplicate specimens were studied using the student’s t-test statistics, both at α = 0.05.
The homoscedastic, hom, and heteroscedastic, het, t-tests showed that differences encountered in the HCP data of the 0.0833% duplicates and the HCP data of the 0.3333% duplicates were significant, Fig. 2(b).
Popoola, Probability density fittings of corrosion test-data: Implications on C6H15NO3 effectiveness on concrete steel-rebar corrosion.
Standard guide for applying statistics to analysis of corrosion data, ASTM International West Conshohocken PA
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Rong Zhang
But the random and irregular load time history curve gained at wind farm is irregular, in which many data are ineffective for the fatigue analysis, these ineffective data can be deleted when making statistics treatment [12].
The method to modify S-N curve is the reference stress amplitude of finite life region multiplied by one reduction coefficient SPu: (3) In the Eq.3[5], when reduction coefficient SPu =2/3, its relative survival rate Pu>97.7%( i.e. the mean reduces 2 times standard deviation) If considering the casting defects like chill, crack etc, it has the casting defect coefficient St (4) In Eq.4[5], t is the thickness influence coefficient.
The method to modify S-N curve is the reference stress amplitude of finite life region multiplied by one reduction coefficient SPu: (3) In the Eq.3[5], when reduction coefficient SPu =2/3, its relative survival rate Pu>97.7%( i.e. the mean reduces 2 times standard deviation) If considering the casting defects like chill, crack etc, it has the casting defect coefficient St (4) In Eq.4[5], t is the thickness influence coefficient.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Rui Xu, Zhong Min Mei, Ting Fang Yu
Tab.1 The simulation results of Different outlet elevation
Elevation
C(8.8m)
B(9.8m)
A(design)
D(roof)
Air exhaust temperature /K
314.4
313.73
312.64
312.65
Air exhaust volume /kg/s
7.81
8.34
9.28
9.18
Average temperature of upper working area /K
311.96
311.21
309.99
309.68
Average temperature of working area /K
304.44
304.42
304.41
304.42
As data in Table 1 shows, in the case of arranging air outlets at sides of walls (front and back walls), the air exhaust volume would increase and the air exhaust temperature would reduce as elevation increased.
The temperature field in Figure 3 and the velocity field in Figure 4 showed that: 1) elevation reduction of air outlets largely impacted the velocity field of the top area.
As data of Table 2 and temperature variation curve in Figure 7 show, air exhaust volume would increase upon expansion of air inlet area, and indoor temperature would reduce accordingly, however, as the area enlarged, ventilation effect improvement would be small.
Research on Ventilation and Noise Reduction of Main Transformer Chamber in Urban Indoor Substation [J].
The temperature field in Figure 3 and the velocity field in Figure 4 showed that: 1) elevation reduction of air outlets largely impacted the velocity field of the top area.
As data of Table 2 and temperature variation curve in Figure 7 show, air exhaust volume would increase upon expansion of air inlet area, and indoor temperature would reduce accordingly, however, as the area enlarged, ventilation effect improvement would be small.
Research on Ventilation and Noise Reduction of Main Transformer Chamber in Urban Indoor Substation [J].
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Eng Juraj Králik
According to EN1992-1-2, EN1993-1-2 and EN 1994-1-2 the assessment of structural behavior in a fire design situation shall be based on one of the following permitted design procedures:
Ü recognized design situations on the base of the tabulated data,
Ü simple calculation models for specific type of structural members,
Ü advanced calculation models able to deal with any kind of the structural model.
Fig. 1 Concept of Response Surface Method This method is based on the assumption that it is possible to define the dependency between the variable input and the output data through the approximation functions in the following form: (6) where co is the index of the constant member; ci are the indices of the linear member and cij the indices of the quadratic member, which are given for predetermined schemes for the optimal distribution of the variables or for using regression analysis after calculating the response [11].
Fig. 4 The stress-strain relationships The reduction factors for material properties depends on temperature load curve.
Histogram Mean Standard deviation Min. value Max. value Material Young’s modulus Ek mvar Lognormal 1,100 0,066 0,000 1,299 Stress yield fyk fvar Lognormal 1,100 0,066 0,000 1,299 Reduction factor ky kvar Lognormal 1,000 0,050 0,000 1,149 Load Permanent Gk gvar Normal 1,000 0,030 0,916 1,084 Variable Qk qvar Gama T.I 0,600 0,215 0,000 1,378 Fire-temperature Tk tvar Gama T.I 0,822 0,246 0,000 1,684 Model Model-uncertaint. xE evar Lognormal 1,000 0,050 0,000 1,149 Resistance-uncert. xR rvar Lognormal 1,000 0,050 0,000 1,149 In the probabilistic analysis there is the value of effect of actions E defined in accordance with the JCSS code [7] (EN 1991-1-1. 2002) follow and (8) where are the variable functions defined as the histograms.
Fig. 1 Concept of Response Surface Method This method is based on the assumption that it is possible to define the dependency between the variable input and the output data through the approximation functions in the following form: (6) where co is the index of the constant member; ci are the indices of the linear member and cij the indices of the quadratic member, which are given for predetermined schemes for the optimal distribution of the variables or for using regression analysis after calculating the response [11].
Fig. 4 The stress-strain relationships The reduction factors for material properties depends on temperature load curve.
Histogram Mean Standard deviation Min. value Max. value Material Young’s modulus Ek mvar Lognormal 1,100 0,066 0,000 1,299 Stress yield fyk fvar Lognormal 1,100 0,066 0,000 1,299 Reduction factor ky kvar Lognormal 1,000 0,050 0,000 1,149 Load Permanent Gk gvar Normal 1,000 0,030 0,916 1,084 Variable Qk qvar Gama T.I 0,600 0,215 0,000 1,378 Fire-temperature Tk tvar Gama T.I 0,822 0,246 0,000 1,684 Model Model-uncertaint. xE evar Lognormal 1,000 0,050 0,000 1,149 Resistance-uncert. xR rvar Lognormal 1,000 0,050 0,000 1,149 In the probabilistic analysis there is the value of effect of actions E defined in accordance with the JCSS code [7] (EN 1991-1-1. 2002) follow and (8) where are the variable functions defined as the histograms.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Xiao Yuan Wu, Qing Hua Pang, Yuer Chen
The existing productions are mostly limited on static analysis of indexes’ cross section data and lack consideration on dynamic development.
Based on the connotation and character of the compound system optimization of a basin initial water rights allocation [5,7,14], as well as the available research results of comprehensive evaluation index system of an initial water rights allocation scheme, we establish the index system of a basin initial water rights allocation scheme on the basis of the investigation and extensive collection of the basin data, and the basin research and interview work, and the suggestion by the river basin administrative agencies and experts in the field of the water environment and water resources, with methods of literature reading, frequency analysis, attribute reduction algorithm, and results reference.
Zhang, “The index system construction of province initial water rights allocation system based on the algorithm of attribute reduction”, Inter.
Based on the connotation and character of the compound system optimization of a basin initial water rights allocation [5,7,14], as well as the available research results of comprehensive evaluation index system of an initial water rights allocation scheme, we establish the index system of a basin initial water rights allocation scheme on the basis of the investigation and extensive collection of the basin data, and the basin research and interview work, and the suggestion by the river basin administrative agencies and experts in the field of the water environment and water resources, with methods of literature reading, frequency analysis, attribute reduction algorithm, and results reference.
Zhang, “The index system construction of province initial water rights allocation system based on the algorithm of attribute reduction”, Inter.