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The hot runner system is becoming an important direction of the development of hot plastic injection molding but is far from the stage of popularization in China, and the main reason is the design of hot runners involves many fields like material, structure, fluid and thermal deformation, with lots of influencing factors, and not only the experience and knowledge of predecessors but also the knowledge of scientific calculation shall be used.
Check the sprue diameter and determine the optimal sprue diameter according to the plastic properties; Step8.
A pair of conflictive factors is taken in the consideration of the runner design: reducing the pressure loss in the runner requires larger cross-sectional area of runner; reducing heat loss requires a small surface area of runner.
Determine the layer property of runner plates and suitable runner plate structures according to the selection of cavity arrangement; Step2.
Since the hot nozzle works in the molten state of the plastic, the nozzle expands apparently and the thermal expansion affects the position relationship between the nozzle and the cavity.

Optimal Design of Bone Plate System Using Finite Element Method Ji-hyun Choa, Byeong-uk Songb, Keum-hee Seoc, Kyung-tak Mind and Tae-il Seoe Mechanical & Robot Eng., School of Mechanical System Eng., University of Incheon, 12-1, Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea (406-772) n-ever @nate.coma, checol@nate.comb, dreamandsuccess@nate.comc, minkt@incheon.ac.krd, tiseo@incheon.ac.kre Keywords: Bone fracture; bone plate; optimal design; finite element method.
The material of bone plates should be suitable strength and rigidity as mechanical property as well as have several other conditions.
Table 1 Material Properties of Titanium Alloy Young’s Modulus (GPa) Poisson’s Ratio Density (kg/mm3) 96 0.36 4.62´10-6 Finite Element Method Analysis Evaluation Method of the Bone Plate.
The support rollers were considered as rigid body in order to avoid affecting the displacements under loading.
The geometric shapes of the bone plates were modeled by parametric modeling technique and design factors could be easily modified.

These developments are primarily driven by environmental and financial factors.
Transmission line modelling is in fact a method of characteristics modelling which utilises a straight (linear) characteristic line whose properties do not vary with the operating condition.
Wavelet functions have a number of useful properties suitable for the analysis of pressure waves in pipe networks.
Air with properties at S.T.P. is used throughout this work.
Boucher: Transmission line modelling of simulated drill strings undergoing water-hammer, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol.209, No.

When ground shake caused by blasting reach to the certain strength, it will have different degree of damage on ground, underground building and project structures etc and affect production stability and security.
Iron physical and mechanical properties: the surrounding rock of iron body is mainly grained biotite gneiss.
The safety factor of ore is 12~14 and rock safety factor is 8~12.
Station Layout The major influence factor of blasting ground shake is explosive quantity and distance from blasting center.

On account of that the research about the cryogenic MQL cutting technology is still in its initial stage, many problems need to be solved, such as that the cutting properties of materials are different in cryogenic MQL cutting conditions, and the parameter optimization in cryogenic MQL cutting various materials is insufficient.
The turning experiments were performed by single factor method.
The bars were cleaned prior to the experiments by removing approximately 0.5 mm thickness of the top surface of each bar, in order to eliminate any surface defects and wobbling that can adversely affect the machining results.
At the same time, due to process vibration and other factors, the surface roughness will decrease.
All of these factors will increase the tool flank wear, resulting in tool failure quickly in dry cutting mode; at a high cutting speed conditions, the durability of the tool is higher in cryo-air cutting than that of dry cutting.

Tunneling is modeled by including selected vibration modes at the quantum mechanical level.
The calculation of properties of any material can be assembly of nuclei and electrons.
Internal and external transfer integrals are two key parameters governing the charge transport properties of organic semiconducting materials.
The metal can be change with specific material atom that changes the characterization of this material both physical and chemical properties.
The electric field affects mobility calculation and hopping rate in CuPc molecule.

The problem of resistance of spacecraft external surfaces to space factors is important due to development of long-duration orbital space flight missions.
AO is one of the most important factors causing severe damage to many polymeric materials on spacecraft.
Movement of the focusing lens along the vertical axis was carried out with a minimum step of 0.1 mm, which allowed controlling the diameter of the focusing spot and, accordingly, the density of laser radiation power affecting the surface of the material.
Due to the microscopic inhomogeneities and cavities on the side walls of grooves and pyramids, as well as due to the inherent absorption properties of MWCNTs ‘Taunit-M’, it is possible to increase the efficiency of structured materials.
Novikov, Structural and mechanical properties changes in carbon and boron nitride nanotubes under the impact of atomic oxygen, in: J.

Corrosion means destruction of metals or alloys, due to the chemical agents, with negative effects on the structure and mechanical properties of the material.
It is known that a rough surface is more affected by corrosion than a polished surface [2].
The corrosion rate depends not only by the chemical composition and surface quality but also on a large number of other factors related to the nature of the electrolyte solution and its action conditions on metal (temperature, concentration, velocity, pressure, so on).
If the concentration increases to 67% both materials are affected and corrosion speed is growing to 0.005 mm/year.
Laitinen, Effects of processing and manufacturing of high nitrogen-containing stainless steels on their mechanical, corrosion and wear properties, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 117 (2001) 424–430.

In order to improve the mechanical properties, the principle of Accumulative Roll-Bonding (ARB) [1] has been adopted and investigated on a wide range to magnesium alloys in the recent years [2-12].
Therefore, an investigation of influence factors on bonding strength for Mg-Mg composite roll-bonding within an ARB-process has been started.
Chen: Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Zn alloy sheets severely deformed by accumulative roll-bonding, Journal of Materials Science, 42 (2007), 9256-9261
Wu: The evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties during accumulative roll bonding of Al/Mg composite, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 416 (2006), 169-172
Brokmeier: Microstructure and mechanical properties of accumulative roll bonded (ARBed) pure magnesium sheet, Materials Science and Engineering A, 527 (2010), 7176-7183 [13] St.

The SG grinding wheel is found to possess particularly good grinding properties and is more suitable for grinding titanium alloy when compared with conventional abrasive tools.
Introduction Titanium alloys have been widely used in aeronautics and astronautics industry owing to their unique combinations of properties such as favorable mechanical strength, excellent heat-resistant and erosive-resistant, better low-temperature flexibility and especially high specific strength.
Unfortunately, the unique physical and chemical properties that make these alloys suitable for aeroengine blades also contribute to the difficulty with which they are cut or ground.
The measurement of grinding force components is highly essential to analyze more effectively the grindability factors of titanium alloys.
Grinding-wheel wear affects the size precision and the surface roughness of the workpiece.