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Online since: August 2004
Authors: Kengo Futagami, Yorinobu Murata, Hiroki Toda, Kenta Sumikawa
Introduction Recently, the reduction in the strength or the durability of concrete structures has become one social problem as the accidents by deterioration of a tunnel or a bridge occurred.
Overmuch adding water means the action that adds water more than the standard mix proportion to concrete, and it can be cited as a cause of the strength reduction of concrete structures.
No.1 and No.2 mean 2 times of measurement data.
No.1 and No.2 mean 2 times of measurement data.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Sunn Jer Hwang, Chyi Sheu, Ying Wei Liu, Hsien Chou Chen
Consequently, the area is saturated with water, and the pavement is destructed because of the reduction of road loading ability.
Therefore, recycled material, reduction of the urban heat over island effect, and detention pond used to overcome floods are more and more attentive.
The basic requirements of RLDPC [2] Testing Items Testing Methods Tolerance Base course Sub-base course unit weight(kg/m3) CNS 11151 1500~2000 slump(mm) CNS 1176 0~50 0~160 3days compress strength(kef/cm2) ASTM D4832 Over 10 Over 5 28days compress strength(kef/cm2) ASTM D4832 25~50 15~40 permeable capacity (ml/15sec) Method of permeability test on site Over 600 over300 Review of the Literature According to the statistic data in June, 2010-2011, surveyed by the Bureau of Highways, Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Taiwan, the re-paved 586.8Km-road for burying pipes, including provincial roads and roads for counties, covered the area of 420 square kilo-meters. 97% of it was asphalt concrete [3].
Additionally, we adopt square filling-in test samples so as to obtain experimental data of pressure resistance which more approach actual state of paving.
Online since: October 2022
Authors: Teerapol Srichana, Sunisa Kaewpaiboon, Titpawan Nakpheng
Statistical analysis Data were presented as mean value ± standard deviation (s.d.).
SDCS alone could interrupt the cell membrane of RBCs explored 3.018 ± 1.164% of hemolysis. 1% of Triton X-100 presented the complete lysis with 100.00 ± 20.70% (The data has not shown in fig.2).
Tan, Characterization of the cellular reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT): subcellular localization, substrate dependence, and involvement of mitochondrial electron transport in MTT reduction.
Online since: April 2023
Authors: Rentsenmyadag Dashzeveg, Galbadrakh Ragchaa, Erdene-Ochir Ganbold, Munkhtsetseg Sambuu, Enkhtor Sukhbaatar, Nomin Erdene Battulga, Uuriintuya Dembereldorj, Tsog Ochir Tsendsuren
However, the data are not shown here, we were able to estimate the average size of as-synthesized nanocatalyst from high resolution TEM images by using ImageJ software.
Elemental analysis data is summarized in Table 1 where elemental compositions of Fe-Co/Al2O3 nanocatalyst are compared by weight and atomic weight percent.
Accordingly, the decrease in the number of carbon atoms dissolved in the nanotcatalyst site leads to the reduction of the yields of MWCNTs.
We conclude that the reduction in intensity is caused by decreasing the number of CNT walls, thus reflection planes, as rising a temperature.
Online since: August 2007
Authors: H. Haferkamp, O. Meier, L. Engelbrecht, A. Ostendorf, Mitja Schimek
This leads to a reduction of material and construction unit mass as well.
By adjusting the geometry of process-integrated, inductive thermal treatment in laser beam welding for overlap welds with TRIP and micro-alloyed fine grain steel quality, a significant hardness reduction and corresponding improved transforming ability could be achieved [8, 9].
The fusion zone surface is coloured grey, shaded and made from the material data for the welding material.
Mai, Dresden, 2003 [2] Rath, W.: Remote Laser Welding System Using Slab Laser Technology: Process Data and Technical Applications; Proceeding of the 10 th Annual Automotive Laser Applications Workshop, March 12-13, 2002, MI, USA, p. 119-127 [3] Becker, W.; Beck, M.; Bernhardt, R.; Potential of robot-guided remote laser welding; Proceedings of Laser Assisted Net Shape Engineering LANE 4, Erlangen, 2004, p. 201-210 [4] Sysweld 2002.1, Reference Manual, ESI Group, Aachen, 2002 [5] Wohlfahrt, H.: Simulation der Vorgänge im Schmelzbad beim Laserstrahlschweißen von Nahtausbildung, Gefüge, Verzug und Schweißeigenspannungen, Bericht AiF 11.853 A/B, Braunschweig, 2000 [6] Bormann, A.: Serielle, induktive Wärmebehandlung laserstrahlgeschweißter Feinbleche, Dissertation, Universität Hannover, 2004 [7] Haferkamp, H.; Bunte, J.; Herzog, D.; Ostendorf, A.: Laser based welding of cellular aluminium.
Online since: December 2009
Authors: Esmaeil Soltani, Hamid Zarepour, H. Shahali
Costs and time saving due to reduction in the number of experiments, increase in machining productivity, and achieving more comprehensive results are some benefits of using orthogonal arrays.
Design Of Experiment Appropriate design of experiment is vital for higher efficiency, accuracy in analyses and reduction in costs.
Data Analysis On Machining 4.1 Effect of Factors Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used in this research to investigate the effect of different factors on machining power.
Regression analysis uses least square method to fit a model to the experimental data.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Ll. Balcells, M. Varela, LI. Abad, V. Laukhin, Ben Martínez, S. Valencia
In Ref. [11] only data corresponding to thick films (≈150 nm) are reported and the strain state is also unknown.
about 10% of the saturation value) in agreement with most of the data reported in the literature, even thought the use of the inflexion point would lead to δ changes more similar to that obtained from MS variations.
Since no change of the value of n on Ta is detected from Hall effect measurements, we should conclude that charge carriers are already in the samples but they are not free to move, so they do not contribute to magnetization and produce a reduction of TC.
The application of high enough magnetic films leads to delocalizacition of charge carriers giving place to a substantial reduction of the resistance.
Online since: February 2006
Authors: Xin Ming Zhang, Xun Liang, Yong Zhang, Yun Lai Deng
Orientation imaging micrographs (OIMs) in high purity aluminum polycrystals rolled to total engineering reduction of 80% at room temperature and 180°C, respectively, were investigated using SEM-EBSD technique.
The deformation was carried out to total engineering reduction of 80% (r = 80% ) at room temperature and 180ºC, respectively, in which lubricant was used to ensure homogeneous deformation [8, 9].
Orientations of the pixels were represented using three Euler angles (ϕ1, φ, ϕ2) of Bunge's notation system, orientation data analysis was performed using OIM analysis for windows.
In order to provide consistent quantitative data for boundaries, misorientations below 2° are not included, and this limit is used for all specimens.
Online since: May 2010
Authors: Kazuya Kusaka, Tatsuya Matsue, Hanabusa Takao, Nishida Masayuki, Osamu Sakata
The position of each diffraction peak was calculated from diffraction pattern data using mathematical software (Origin (R) 6.1J, OriginLab Corporation).
In addition, the reduction in the residual stress on annealing is thought to be due to relaxing of the strain generated in the film by ion bombardment.
These data were obtained from the diffractions of CrN220 and Cr2N211 detected by θ−2θ scanning.
There is a relatively large reduction in the FWHM of both diffraction peaks with Fig. 7 2θ−sin2 ψ diagram of CrN220 diffraction for the film annealed at 973 K.
Online since: March 2019
Authors: Altan Bolag, Yoshiro Yamashita, Xiao Ying Zhang, Yun Wu
Crystal structure data of DP and DPQ.
As shown in Fig. 2b, DPQ exhibits two groups of reversible half-wave reduction potentials E1/2red at –0.24 and –0.49 V vs.
As shown in Fig. 3, these results are very consistent with its DPV data.
The lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) energy level was calculated with the first reduction potential value by Eq. 3[16].
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