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Preparation and Characterization of Starch Acetate /Polyvinyl Alcohol Foams Xianzhong Mo1,a,Jianbo Jiang1,b,Xuemei Huang1,c,Fengnv Yu1,d, Jiangying Wu1,e,Shangfeng Huang1,f 1College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, GuangXi Teachers Education University, Nanning, 530001,China aemail: moxianzhong@gxtc.edu.cn, bemail: jjbangle@163.com, cemail: conger10aa@163.com, demail: yf1518417155@163.com, eemail: 22jinmei@163.com, femail: 1344310014@qq.com Keywords: PVA; starch acetate; moulded; pasting; properties; Abstract.
Introduction Foam plastic has the advantages of light quality, heat insulation, Sound-absorbing, and buffer which is widely used in insulation, cushioning, absorption and bearing structure.[1-3] But currently, a lot of the cushion packaging material is non-biodegradable such as EPS ,EPP, EPE and polyurethane foaming plastic that causes serious pollution to the environment.
However, as the PVA content reaches to30 phr, the interior of the foams had large cells with thin walls and the cells was well-distributed ; this type of structure has been reported by Cinelli etal.(2006) in a study of potato starch-corn fiber foams.This shows the intermiscibility of PVA and starch from the microscopic view and also explains why the material density is minimal when PVA contents at 30phr.
Conclusions As an amendment, PVA could effectively improve the tensile strength, elongation at break and porosity of foam, because of their similarly chemical structure, making a good adhesion between starch and PVA.
Baked starch foams: starch modifications and additives improve process parameters,structure and properties [J].

Without the formation of this SEI layer, LIBs can show better kinetic properties and structure stability during lithiation/delithiation [3].
Wang et al. [10] have successfully synthesized uniform TiO2 nanotubes directly grown on curved graphene sheets by a one-step hydrothermal method, forming a cross-linked and interpenetrated nanotube/nanosheet structure.
And this unique structure provided facile transports of Li+ and electrons, thus improving the specific capacity and rate capability.
More recently, the researches on a new type of core- shell-structured materials called coaxial nanotubes and preparing TNTs composites by anodization of Ti alloys may provide more references for doped TNTs.
Kim: Materials Chemistry and Physics 137 (2012) 169e176 [13] S.J.

Synthesis and optical properties of donor-accepter organic conjugated molecules composed of fluorene and phenothiazine Zebiao Tang 1,a, Xiaoxia Sun 1,b* Peilin Zhang 1,c 1Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People’s Republic of China atangzebiao88@163.com; bsunxiaoxia77@126.com; cpeilin.zhang@agilent.com Keywords: Fluorene and Phenothiazine; Donor-Acceptor; Molecule; Optical Properties Abstract.
Introduction During the past decade, a great deal of research has been carried out on conjugated organic molecules, due to their potential electronics and optoelectronics applications including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), photovoltaic cells and electrochromic cells.[1] Recently, molecules with donor-acceptor (D-A) architectures are of significant interest resulting from the advantages on that their physical properties could easily being modulated through appropriate chemical modification to the structures of donors or acceptors.[2] Moreover, the donor-acceptor materials broadly provide large π-electron delocalization over the molecules, leading to desirable semiconductor properties for electrical and optical applications.
Thus, a judicious choice of the D-A units could allow the simultaneous control of the HOMO/LUMO levels and the emission color of the D-A molecule.[3] So far, the electron donors such as triarylamine, carbazoles and pyrroles and the electron acceptors such as ketone, nitro, pyridine and benzothiazole have been studied in forming D-A type materials.[4,6] However, fluorene, which has biphenyl structure with rigid plane, as well as large π-conjugated system, were extensively investigated as an electron donor to construct the donor-acceptor organic molecules in recent years, because of their special structures, various functional groups and being easily modified to endow their wide potential applications in photoelectrical materials.[7] Meanwhile, phenothiazine, a well-known heterocyclic compound with electron-rich sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms, would be stronger, and even potentially better electron donors, resulting from their 0.7 eV lower ionization potentials and more stable radical
The fluorescence spectra of compounds have well-resolved vibronic structures in dilute THF solutions, as shown in Fig.1b.

Adding plasticizer during gelatinization step results in destruction of the crystalline structure of native starch, final product is called thermoplastic starch (TPS) which has low oxygen permeability, so it would be a good barrier for oxygen in biodegradable packaging applications.
The big leap of tensile values was thought due to the exfoliated structure of MMT-PLA/starch matrix.
The reasons of these results are as follows: at lower MMT loadings, the sharp increase of the tensile strength was caused by the strong interfacial interaction between MMT and PLA/starch matrix due to the exfoliated structure of MMT polymer matrix.
Thermal Properties and Morphology of Biodegradable PLA/Starch Compatibilized Blends, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 13: 457-464
Polylactide/montmorillonite nanocomposites and microcomposites prepared by melt blending: Structure and some physical properties.

Integration of Micro Temperature Sensor and Heater in a Stainless Steel-based Micro Reformer Chi-Yuan Lee1,a , Shuo-Jen Lee 1,b , Ching-Liang Dai 2,c , Chin-Hua Wu1,d and Ming-Der Ger 3e 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze Fuel Cell Center, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan, R.O.C. 3 Department of Applied Chemistry & Materials Science, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Reformers with two structures are adopted of reformers herein.
The first is a cylinder-type structure [1,2] and palladium (Pd) alloy is used to purify hydrogen directly.
The second is a planar structure [3,4], with much reduced volume.
The micro fuel cell will be integrated with the micro reformer to develop a light and portable power system, with the planar structure and which produces high hydrogen by the steam reforming method.

,have attracted great attention owing to their unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties.[1-4] Rare earth oxides are important parts of rare earth compounds.Compared with the other nanostructured lanthanide oxides, ceria nanocrystals have been widely investigated as important functional materials.Ceria has been extensively used in a wide variety of applications such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) [5] ,catalysis [6] , luminescent materials [7] , gas sensors [8] , polishing materials [9] , and ceramic materials [10] and so on.It has a face centered cubic fluorite (CaF2) crystal structure (a = 5.411Å) and is very stable even at high temperatures.To the best of our knowledge,Ceria has no 4f electrons.As a result,it do not consume energy.
The patterns are in good agreement with a cubic structure known from CeO2(JCPDS Card No. 190284).It can be seen that the intensity of diffraction peak increases and half width of diffraction peak decreases with annealing temperature, which indicates that the degree of the crystallinity of CeO2 grain increases with the annealing temperature.
Fig.5 shows the emission spectra of the CeO2:Eu 3+ powders calcined at 500°C(a),700°C(b),800°C(c).The emission spectra were obtained under 467nm excitation.All the spectra show the typical emissions of Eu3+ ions and can be assigned to the 5D0→ 7 FJ transitions(J=04) and 5Dj→7F0(j=0,1).Generally, the luminescent intensities of powders will increase with the annealing temperature (without phase transition) because of grain growth, reducing of defects and decreasing strain, etc.The point-group symmetry of Ce sites in the fluorite CeO2 structure is Oh with eight-fold oxygen coordination, thereby providing an inversion symmetry.When Eu3+ incorporates in CeO2 crystals, it has the same point-group symmetry as Ce4+ .Moreover, the ratio of the 5D0→7F2 emission (red color) to the 5D0→7 F1 emission (orange-red) became higher with the increasing annealing temperature for crystal lattice departure from inversion symmetry center.The relative intensity of these depends strongly
on the local symmetry of Eu3+ ions, and a lower symmetry local site (with inversion symmetry center).We can conclude that Eu3+ ions have been successfully doped into the host lattice of CeO2.The 5D0→7F2 lines originate from electric-dipole transition and its intensity is sensitive to the local structure surrounding the Eu3+ ions, while the 5D0→7F1 lines originate from magnetic-dipole transition and the change of the crystal field strength has very little influence to the intensity of 5D0→7F1 transition acting on the Eu3+ ions.
,Journal of Shantou University(Natural Science). 21(3) (2006) 23-26 [12]Hai Guo, Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 180 (2007) 127-131 [13]WANG Xiao-dong，LIU Xiao-hua*，CHEN Shao-jun，et al., Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis. 27(11) (2007) 2182-2185 [14]Gao-Ren Li, Dun-Lin Qu *, Laurent Aruraul,et al.

The experimental data were interpreted taking into account these two parameters. 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA) was polymerized with monomethoxy-capped oligo(ethylene glycol), OEG, by using aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) chemistry.
Introduction Smectite-group minerals show a colloidal structure in water because of their internal structure and small particle size.
They have large adsorption capacities for polymer compounds and surfactants due to their unique crystal structure.
With increasing cationic polymer concentration Na-montmorillonite, dispersions show high plastic viscosity and thixotropic loop indicating gel-like structure in the system.

Martin 2,d 1 Diffusion in Solids Group, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen Germany a Irina.Belova@newcastle.edu.au, bGraeme.Murch@newcastle.edu.au, csamuelis@pc.rwth-aachen.de, dmartin@rwth-aachen.de Keywords: Diffusion, LSGM, vacancies, cluster mechanism.
Three different cluster mechanisms are possible in the lanthanum gallate structure.
On the other hand, the anion vacancies are many orders of magnitude more mobile than the cation vacancies in this structure.
Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the possible jumps of the vacancies in the cluster in the lanthanum gallate structure.
It is seen that the maximum of this ratio is slightly under fourteen (and this follows the behavior of the vacancy-pair mechanism in the B2 structure), whereas the maximum of DB*/DA * is likely to be well under ten.

WED has closely related to soil physical properties, topographical features constrained WED to a certain extent.In arid area, the texture, structure, organic matter and chemical composition of soil subject to its development and evolution of the geographical background.
The loose structure, rough texture and not fully development of the structure and texture decide the poor holding capacity of soil water.
Under the new mechanism, actively cultivate new industries; guide the local eco-industrial development; improve the industrial structure; increase the added value of industry and promote the local economic development and prosperity.
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 33(1-2):175-182.

Common crosslinker chemical agent that always used in producing polymer gel are such as trivalent cations [Cr(III) or Al(III)] will bound together with polymer to form gel structure.
Its structure also is triple helix which results to better tolerance to temperature and good mechanical stability [31].
SPE 50750 presented at SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry held in Houston
Polymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery-A Paradigm for Structure-Property Relationship in Aqueous Solution.
Schizophyllan: A Review on Its Structure, Properties, Bioactivities and Recent Developments.