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They have modified the standard phase field model by addition of the fourth order gradient term to the standard quadratic gradient term in the conventional coarse-grain free energy.
The smaller this undercooling, the smaller Δk and the smaller the number of instability waves decreasing the harmonic term in the free energy.
On the other hand, the greater the number of retained instability waves, the lower the harmonic term in the free energy (Eq. 6).
Therefore, in the case of the negative narrow range of k around k0, the most stable high temperature crystalline phase is the one whose reciprocal lattice has maximum possible number of the nearest-neighbour sites.
As we assumed that the atomic dynamics conserves the number of atoms, spatial isotropy of the space results in .

Table 1Test plan of different soil physical properties determination of dredged mud Soil Conditions silty sand silty soil clay Ordinary dredged mud samples 10 20 30 Curing dredged mud samples 11 21 31 Note: Number 10 means ordinary silty sand dredged mud samples.
The first number means the soil, and the second number means the conditions.
The other Numbers share the same meaning; Solidified dredged mud samples: the samples with curing agent should be maintained under the standard conditions for 28 days (with the same ratio of curing agent); Experiment Materials and Equipment.
[4] He Zhongrun, Wang Xiaochu, The analysis on the influencing factors of coarse grained soil direct shear tests [J].

The result of the test is a graphical representation of the rut depth against the number of cycles (Fig. 4).
Fig. 3 SAL 5 M (30 mm) + BBTM 5 A (30 mm) slab cross-section after permanent deformation test Fig. 4 The relative rut depth against the number of cycles When comparing the results with the regulations, which are used in the Czech Republic, it is obvious, that all the designed mixtures fulfill by far the required WTSAIR and PDRAIR values.
Fatigue manifests itself by a gradual decrease in stiffness modulus depending on the number of load cycles.
It can be said that it in fact measures the lifetime of the mixture, which is defined as the number of repeated loads performed before the sample is disrupted (stiffness modulus decreases to half of its original value).
Both of these mixtures can be applied with a thickness smaller than 30 mm (due to their small aggregate grain size).

The subscripts m is the number of the oxygen octahedron, and the m-1 is the number of the pseudo-perovskite units [10].
These results further prove that the dysprosium ions in the CaBi4Ti4O15 do not form the second phases or segregate from the interior grain but dissolve into the CaBi4Ti4O15 host lattice [16].
In oxide phosphors, Rc can be obtained as follow equation [20]: (1) Here V is the volume of the unit cell, Xc is the critical concentration, n is the number of lattice sites in the unit cell that can be occupied by activator ions.
Presume that the activator Dy is introduced totally on Ca ion sites, so the number N of Ca site in the unit cell is 1×4=4.

Grain growth and recrystallization of nanocrystalline Al3Ti prepared by mechanical alloying[J].
The strain can produced a large number of defects; these defects are very easy to induce micro cracks, powder become more brittle.
After milling 3h, The peaks of Ti and Al all disappeared and peaks of Ti were obviously widen, disordered fcc Ti (Al) solid solution were prepared, only (200) and (111) diffraction peak of Al existed, TiAl, Ti3Al, Al3Ti were found .With prolong the milling time to 5h, Ti and Al single peak was completely disappeared, and a large number of TiAl, Ti3Al, Al3Ti intermetallic compound were emerged.
With prolong the milling time to 5h, Ti and Al single peak was completely disappeared, a large number of TiAl, Ti3Al, Al3Ti intermetallic compound were emerged .After milling 9 hours, Ti - 48 at % Al amorphous were produced.
This work was supported by the national natural science foundation of china [grant number 51201077].

Its chemical composition and grain degrees have shown in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively.
Table 1 Main chemical compositions of fly ash composition LoI CaO MgO SiO2 Fe2O3 Al2O3 SO3 total mass fraction (%） 5.78 3.55 2.25 54.52 1.80 30.55 1.25 99.7 Table 2 Size distribution of fly ash size distribution >100 mesh number 100～180 mesh number 180～320 mesh number <320 mesh number content(%) 24 13.5 17.5 35 Fig. 1 Mineral compositions of fly ash Experimental Methods The project development combines of the laboratory small experiments and industrial production.

Introduction Buildings and structures are often susceptible to a number of aggressive environmental and industrial factors, such as chemical corrosion.
The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent mixtures with different degrees of filling, “polymer-to-filler” (designated further as P/F) ratio: for mixture 1 P/F is 1/1, for mixture 2 P/F is 1/5, for mixture 3 P/F is 1/10, for mixture 4 P/F is 1/15.
With further increase of P/F ratio an increasing number of active centers of polymerization appears, thus resulting in a more gradual nature of plastograms and increasing the viscosity of the mixtures.
Such methods during the process of material manufacturing allow to fill the voids between the grains of the filler and the outer surface of the filling material with chemically resistant binder.
An increase in the number of contact points due to a close encounter of the molecules of the binder and filler is also notable.

Sample number 1: 100% of Al 6063 Sample number 2: 97% of Al 6063+1% of B4C+1% of SiC+1% of Fly-ash Sample number 3: 95% of Al 6063+2% of B4C +2% of SiC+1% of Fly-ash Sample number 4: 94% of Al 6063+2% of B4C +2% of SiC+2% of Fly-ash Fig. 1.
Table and graph shows the improvement of mechanical property by adding the reinforcement of composite material Al6063, In microstructure structure silicon carbide, boron carbibe and fly ash particles are shows the fine distribution of grains which is shown in Fig.2.

Scanning / 2 mm.s-1 Irradiation mode / Speed Ambient air Atmosphere 10 pulses / 10 Hz Number of pulses / Repetition rate 12 à 120 mJ/cm² ± 1,8 mJ/cm² Irradiation intensity 22 kV Voltage Lambda Physik, Compex 205, 248 nm Model of excimer LASER (KrF) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Laser energy (mJ/cm²) Ablated depth (nm) Profilometer 36 mJ/cm² 44 46 48 50 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 Laser energy (mJ/cm²) Surface tension (mJ/m²) Surface tension Table 1: Irradiation parameters of PET samples.
The colony forming method showed that PET (powder reduced Melinex® with a grain size <10µm) is not toxic for L132 cells even at a high concentration of this polymer (400µg/ml).
Cell proliferation showed a dose-dependant increase in the cell number reciprocal to the irradiation energy (from 88 to 138% with respect to control).
This is probably due to the higher cell number of proliferation rather than to real cell activation.
In further investigations, other parameters, i.e. number of pulses, repetition rate, atmosphere, etc. will be varied in the aim to assess the optimal experimental conditions for maximal surface improvement.

So, the problem of determining the fatigue durability of concrete can be reduced to the determination of the number of cycles which are applied until the moment of complete destruction the cement components of concrete.
The grains of aggregate, having the form of a cylinder, and the cement stone were simulated in accordance with [7] by layer extrusion of flat shapes (fig. 2).
The total number of finite elements after dividing was 52682, of which 42188 were components of the cement stone.
The values of fatigue life for the calculation model Load The number of cycles before destruction N Normalized dimensionless values Natural values [Pa] 0,1 4 903 350 29 622 300 0,5 24 516 750 7 041 450 0,9 44 130 150 114 800 Figure 5.
The kinetic of damage accumulation for one of the “cube” outer planes The number of cycles 0 3 520 725 7 041 450 CONCLUSION Based on the techniques developed in this work and confirmed by a series of computational experiments, we can formulate the algorithm a fatigue study of building structures using mathematical and physical modeling. 1.