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It can be seen that as element number increasing, the stress at strain is gradually converged.
Acknowledgement This publication has emanated from research conducted with the financial supports of the Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Council under grant number JCY20160608161000821 and the National Science Foundation Council under grant number 11872161.
Microtesting and Crystal Plasticity Modelling of IN718 Superalloy Grains. in 8th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 and Derivatives. 2014.

SupowerTM PCD cutters with 2-30μm tool grain size and KennametalTM carbide cutters were used in the turning tests under dry or wet (water-based emulsion) cutting conditions.
Table 1 Experiments arrangement for the effect of cutting speed, tool material, workpiece material and cooling condition on the tool wear, cutting forces and cutting temperature Test number Cutting speed v [m/min] Feed rate fz [mm/tooth] Radial depth of cut aw [mm] Tool material Workpiece material Cooling condition No.1 60 0.08 0.5 PCD vol.10% (TiCp+TiBw)/TC4 dry No.2 60 0.08 0.5 PCD Wet No.3 60 0.08 0.5 WC Wet No.4 80 0.08 0.5 PCD Wet No.5 80 0.08 0.5 WC Wet No.6 100 0.08 0.5 PCD Wet No.7 100 0.08 0.5 WC Wet No.8 120 0.08 0.5 PCD Dry No.9 120 0.08 0.5 PCD Wet No.10 120 0.08 0.5 WC Wet No.11 120 0.08 0.5 PCD TC4 Wet Experimental Scheme.
This is because the number of the dislocations is larger in the matrix and hence the composite is harder when the material includes numbers of reinforcement particles [7].

Solid lubricants in this experiment included molybdenum MoS2 (325 mesh), graphite (200 mesh), and Al2O3 (ultra-fine grain), and the adhesive was epoxide resin.
In drilling(rotate speed: 320r/min, amount of feed: 0.20mm/r) test, the abrasion resistance is evaluated by the number of drill hole when a drill flank is abraded and the change of the coating in the drill rake face is observed by KYKY2800 scan electron microscope.
Fig. 8 shows the result of drilling test under different lubrication conditions. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Number of drill hole Complex coating 415 Cutting paste 305 Without coating 108 Fig. 8 Number of drill hole under different lubrication The service life of the drill bit with complex coating is nearly 1.3 times longer than that with cutting paste and nearly 3.8 times longer than that without coating under the same running conditions.

Thus, besides the requirements of grain size and shape, surface modification of nanometer calcium carbonate is necessary to adjust its surface hydrophobicity, to reduce its surface energy state, to enhance its its affinity with organic solvent, and improve the properties of composite material.
Fig.7 Effect of modification time on activity index 4 Modification mechanisms of nanometer calcium carbonate particles The IR spectrum chart of titanate coupling agents, non-modification nanometer calcium carbonate, modification nanometer calcium carbonate and the modification nanometer calcium carbonate rinsed several time by acetone are shown in Fig.8~Fig.11, respectively. 10 20 30 40 94 96 98 100 stirring speed£¬1400rpm Activity index(H),% Modification time£¬min 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 stirring speed:650rpm stirring speed:950rpm stirring speed:1440rpm Activity index(H),% Modification time£¬min 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 92 94 96 98 100 Activity index(H),% Modification temperature£¬¡æ In Fig. 8 wave number 2920.0 cm -1 and 2851.6 cm-1 are the assimilation band of CH3 and CH2 respectively.
Wave number 1734.9 cm-1 is the assimilation band of C=O.
Wave number 1178 cm -1 and 1110 cm-1 are the assimilation band of C-O.

Table 1 the test results of different types of functional polymers Models Sample ID solid content (%) hydrolyzing degree (mol%) viscosity (mPa.s) Water insoluble (Wt%) dissolving rate (h) Grain grade % ≤0.2mm ≥1.0mm Type II JHW2007-1 88.72 20.5 61.0 0.09 <2 2.7 1.8 Type III JHW2007-2 90.93 33.2 48.9 0.09 <2 2.4 3.3 Evaluation of viscosity properties.
Table 5 flow experiments of functional polymer (Type II) Core numbers Permeability(md) Concentration (mg/L) Resistance factor Residual resistance factor 27j051114-9 102 1000 612 310.7 27j051114-1 216 1500 395.2 216.7 27j051114-3 314 2000 322.8 177.2 Table 6 flow experiments of functional polymer (Type III) Core numbers Permeability(md) Concentration (mg/L) Resistance factor Residual resistance factor 070727-2 98.7 1000 424.0 177.2 070613-B-2 214.5 1500 382.8 143.6 070613-B-3 333 2000 240.3 121.1 2.
Table 7 Functional polymers (type II, type III) experimental results of displacement Program Core numbers Permeability（md） Porosity（%） Oil saturation（%） Water displacement recovery（%） Chemical flooding recovery（%） The total recovery（%） Program 1 070911A-5 537.73 24.4 74.2 46.4 21.8 68.2 070816C-3 953.79 24.8 75.5 49.8 24.9 74.7 070508-1 2138.16 27.5 76.2 50.9 27.7 78.6 Program 2 070911A-4 523.31 23.6 74.5 47.0 19.8 66.8 070816C-6 951.62 24.9 75.4 49.3 20.6 69.9 070508-2 2138.40 28.3 76.8 50.3 26.6 76.9 Study on swept volume experiments of functional polymers after conventional polymer flooding.

This is because the cutting scales are very small which means that the cutting tool passes into just only one or a few grains of the materials instead of the bulk material as in the conventional cutting, which leads to a number of changes in the cutting physics properties such as size-effect, ductile-brittle transition, and plastic/elastic deformation, etc.
According to this method, It is possible to construct the 3-D surface topography of the diamond turned surface by calculating surface topography data of all radial sections and mapping them on the surface elements of a cross lattice defined as: XI=[[Lx2+rksin(k∆θ)]Lxmx] (3) YI=[[Ly2+rkcos(k∆θ)]Lymy] (4) ZI=Zk (5) Where surface topography data on all RkZk polar planes represented in polar coordinates {rk, Zk, kDq} for K = 0, 1, 2,...., Np, and mx and my are the number of surface elements in the X and Y directions respectively.
Nomenclature Xtp, Ytp real tool path in the machine tool coordinate system Xsm, Zsm servo motions of X and Z slideways Esr, Esa spindle radial and axial runout Kxz, Kzx side-stiffness of X and Z slideways Eevx, Eevz environmental vibrations RkZk polar planes represented in polar coordinates {rk, Zk, kDq} for K = 0, 1, 2,...., Np mx, my number of surface elements in the X and Y directions Lx, Ly the length and the width of the simulated region Ys spindle synchronous error As amplitude of the error ω spindle angular speed t revolution time of spindle j phase shift ∆ct,∆cw actual cutting of depth and width z(t), x(t) amplitude of workpiece vibrations in z and x directions z(t-T), x(t-T) corresponds to the position of the workpiece of during the previous pass in z and x directions T period of revolution References [1] Balkrishna C. et al. (1998) ‘A comprehensive dynamic cutting force model for chatter prediction in turning’, International Journal of Machine

After calcined at 600ºC, only X-rays peaks of Nb2O5, which could be matched with JCPDS file number 71-0005.
While calcining at 700ºC, the phase of Zn3Nb2O8 appears as shown in fig.4; these observations are associated with DTA peaks found at the same temperature range within the broad exothermic effects in fig.3; in a first approximation, this Zn3Nb2O8 phase has a corundum structure with a monoclinic unit cell (a=19.09 Å, b=5.927 Å, c=5.220 Å, β=90.000°, space group C2/c (no.15)), consistent with JCPDS file number 79-1164; only at 850ºC, do the X-rays become single phase as the same as Zn3Nb2O8 (PDF number is 79-1164) phase; Fig.4 also gives XRD patterns of Zn3Nb2O8 powders at different synthesis temperatures prepared by solid-state method, after heating at 900ºC, there still can observe some other phase.
The particle morphology of the calcined powder (850ºC for 4 hours) prepared by co-precipitation process was regulated in shape, and the structure of the crystal grains is tiny, rod-like (Fig.5).

The research was conducted as a designed experiment [6, 7] to maximize an information amount about performance parameters at the fixed number of experiment.
Approved design of the experiment Treatment Number Diameter of cavity, A, mm Level of blackening, B, % 1 78 18 2 134 18 3 78 42 4 134 42 5 70 27 6 150 27 7 102 15 8 102 50 9…13 102 27 The statistical analysis followed a typical approach: the analysis of effects, the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the analysis of standardized effects, the possible correction of a model terms set, a test of normality for residues and, finally, prognostic plots: the contour and 3D.
Coefficient of friction– measured and predicted Treatment Number Measured ln(m) Predicted ln(m) Residuals 1 -2.23493 -2.29084 0.055917 2 -2.64508 -2.69001 0.044933 3 -2.27303 -2.28695 0.013926 4 -2.53831 -2.54487 0.006565 5 -3.21888 -3.18426 -0.034611 6 -2.30259 -2.28075 -0.021839 7 -2.14558 -2.08878 -0.056802 8 -2.24432 -2.24180 -0.002516 9 -2.27303 -2.37139 0.098369 10 -2.51331 -2.37139 -0.141911 11 -2.36446 -2.37139 0.006934 12 -2.29263 -2.37139 0.078760 13 -2.41912 -2.37139 -0.047724 The residues were tested for normality by Shapiro-Wilk test and p-Value = 0.9668 was obtained.
Sozanska, A Comparison of Grain Quantitative Evaluation Performed with Standard Method of Imaging with Light Microscopy and EBSD Analysis, Prakt Metallogr-Pr M 46 (2009) (9) 454-468.

(1) Geometry clean and build the FE model (element size is 10mm, component numbers is 47, element numbers is 91853, nodes numbers is 93951), refine the grid quality until the main parameters refer upside reach the initial values; (2) Connect every component.
A Thermomechnical Process for Grain Reinforcement in Precipitation Hardening AA6xxx Aluminium Alloys[J], Materials Letters, Vol.65, NO.6, pp.1028-1030, 2011 [10] Sarikaya O., Anik S., Aslanlar S., et al.

Flux used in this experiment is fused type silicon product with grain size 0.2 to 1.6 mm with basicity index 1.6.
Higher – the- better : (1) Here i =1, 2 ...m and k =1, 2 ...n Assuming, the number of experimental runs in Taguchi’s OA design is m, and the number of quality characteristics is n.
Smaller-the-better: S/N ratio = (3) Here ‘n’ is the number of measurements, and yi the measured ith characteristic value.