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Online since: September 2008
Authors: Vitaly Yu. Topolov, Chris R. Bowen, K.V.S. Raman
Examination of the experimental data for pure BT (mFC = 1) suggests that the )(
3BT
jd and σε ),(
33
BT values
of the BT ceramic incorporated in the composites in this work agree with the similar constants
calculated using the self-consistent method for lgγ = -1.5, i.e. the mobility of the 90° domain walls
is relatively low.
The presence of porosity in the BT ceramic results in a small reduction in *3 jd but leads to a larger reduction in the permittivity.
The role of the stiff HA matrix in the layer of the first type is also observed by considering the piezoelectric anisotropy *33d / * 31d of the HA / BT composite (compare data from Figs. 2 a and b).
The presence of porosity in the BT ceramic results in a small reduction in *3 jd but leads to a larger reduction in the permittivity.
The role of the stiff HA matrix in the layer of the first type is also observed by considering the piezoelectric anisotropy *33d / * 31d of the HA / BT composite (compare data from Figs. 2 a and b).
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Min Na Ni, Qing Zhang Lv, Ping Jin
With some computation made on the data obtained by assessing the importance of design factors, the significance of customer needs can be determined, which serves as a crucial basis for the extraction of design factors.
The customer needs is made clear by analyzing customer behaviors and their living environment based on the data collected in a survey, which involves 200 interviewed customers.
Reduction on complicated carving ornamentation 8.
Details of the importance of consumer needs Customer Needs Importance Score Consistency with the environment around villa 5 Suitability for high-end residential in Shanghai 5 Conveying the sense of delicacy 4 Emphasis on details 4 Indicating the owner’s social status 4 Balance between classical beauty and the sense of modernity 5 Easiness of Cleaning 3 Light not Dazzling 2 The analysis on positive and negative correlation between design characteristics suggests that a part of the customer needs are positive correlated with design characteristics, such as ‘concise modeling’, ‘ball, cone and thin cylinder shaped main lamp axis’ , ‘condensed carved patterns through single-line curves’ and ‘reduction on complicated carving ornamentation’.
The customer needs is made clear by analyzing customer behaviors and their living environment based on the data collected in a survey, which involves 200 interviewed customers.
Reduction on complicated carving ornamentation 8.
Details of the importance of consumer needs Customer Needs Importance Score Consistency with the environment around villa 5 Suitability for high-end residential in Shanghai 5 Conveying the sense of delicacy 4 Emphasis on details 4 Indicating the owner’s social status 4 Balance between classical beauty and the sense of modernity 5 Easiness of Cleaning 3 Light not Dazzling 2 The analysis on positive and negative correlation between design characteristics suggests that a part of the customer needs are positive correlated with design characteristics, such as ‘concise modeling’, ‘ball, cone and thin cylinder shaped main lamp axis’ , ‘condensed carved patterns through single-line curves’ and ‘reduction on complicated carving ornamentation’.
Online since: November 2017
Authors: Andrei G. Kotousov, Frank J. Barbaro, Ian H. Brown, Walter Costin, Reza Ghomashchi, Olivier Lavigne, Valerie Linton
The presence of hydrogen in iron and steel often implies a reduction of the fracture resistance which may lead to sudden catastrophic failure.
Failure traditionally occurred in the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) of the parent metal but with the introduction of micro-alloying and the associated reduction in carbon content, cracking is now more likely to occur in the weld metal (WM) [2].
The data was collected from the highlighted areas as shown in Fig.1b and analysed using OIM-Analysis 5.2 software (TSL Co., Ltd.).
The EBSD data collected was used to create and superimpose Image Quality (IQ) and Inverse Pole Figure (IPF) maps to evaluate how the specific microstructures of AF and UB determine their intrinsic resistance to a propagating hydrogen crack.
Failure traditionally occurred in the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) of the parent metal but with the introduction of micro-alloying and the associated reduction in carbon content, cracking is now more likely to occur in the weld metal (WM) [2].
The data was collected from the highlighted areas as shown in Fig.1b and analysed using OIM-Analysis 5.2 software (TSL Co., Ltd.).
The EBSD data collected was used to create and superimpose Image Quality (IQ) and Inverse Pole Figure (IPF) maps to evaluate how the specific microstructures of AF and UB determine their intrinsic resistance to a propagating hydrogen crack.
Online since: January 2020
Authors: Harith Hasoon Al-Moameri, Mohammed Ali Abdulrehman, Ismail Ibrahim Marhoon
XRD data were obtained from 2Ɵ=20° to 80° with a scanning speed of 5°/min at room temperature.
The reduction of UV radiation absorbance for PMMA/1%CAT leads to reduce the photochemical degradation reactions, in other words decreasing the severity of the interaction between the carbonyl group and UV radiation.
So, the reduction in absorbance that happened after adding specific concentrations of CAT lead to reduce the interactions between incident rays and PMMA chromophores.
Data from top to bottom refers to powder CAT, pure PMMA, PMMA+1%CAT.
The reduction of UV radiation absorbance for PMMA/1%CAT leads to reduce the photochemical degradation reactions, in other words decreasing the severity of the interaction between the carbonyl group and UV radiation.
So, the reduction in absorbance that happened after adding specific concentrations of CAT lead to reduce the interactions between incident rays and PMMA chromophores.
Data from top to bottom refers to powder CAT, pure PMMA, PMMA+1%CAT.
Online since: August 2024
Authors: Antonella Parisini, Virginia Boldrini, Marco Pieruccini
Then, a simple view of the elementary substitution processes is proposed, in the light of which some literature data are discussed.
Ref. [7] data as well as those of ref.[8] show effects of a change in Timpl (unfortunately further information about the implantation schedules is lacking).
In fact, a reduction of compensating defects can lead to an increase of the net doping level without implying an increase of the acceptor density, also enhancing mobility thanks to the reduction of the ionized scattering centers.
As an example, Fig.4 compares the drift transport data of 1600 °C annealed samples of refs. [7] and [8] which are subsequently fitted by the method of ref. [9].
Notice that drift data reported in the figure, i.e. corrected for the Hall factor [9], are self-consistently calculated in the fitting procedure.
Ref. [7] data as well as those of ref.[8] show effects of a change in Timpl (unfortunately further information about the implantation schedules is lacking).
In fact, a reduction of compensating defects can lead to an increase of the net doping level without implying an increase of the acceptor density, also enhancing mobility thanks to the reduction of the ionized scattering centers.
As an example, Fig.4 compares the drift transport data of 1600 °C annealed samples of refs. [7] and [8] which are subsequently fitted by the method of ref. [9].
Notice that drift data reported in the figure, i.e. corrected for the Hall factor [9], are self-consistently calculated in the fitting procedure.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Yue Zhou, Yue Hua Zhou, Li Mei Ye
We studied the daily precipitation data and the situations of disasters of 76 metrological stations in Hubei province from 1960 to 2005, obtained the temporal and spatial distribution of flood disasters based on the disaster census data in Hubei province, discussed the change of disastrous intensity, disaster-affected body, economic loss, and the relationship among them, revealing the laws of flood disaster.
Datas and methods The data is from daily precipitation of 76 meteorological stations in Hubei province.
The disaster data is meteorological disaster census data.
Through the examination of professional personnel and the data quality control, the disaster data is reliable.
Except the disastrous intensity calculated by meteorological factors, other parameters were obtained according to analysis of disaster census data in the following statistical analysis.
Datas and methods The data is from daily precipitation of 76 meteorological stations in Hubei province.
The disaster data is meteorological disaster census data.
Through the examination of professional personnel and the data quality control, the disaster data is reliable.
Except the disastrous intensity calculated by meteorological factors, other parameters were obtained according to analysis of disaster census data in the following statistical analysis.
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Anna Laura Pisello, Federica Rosso
Experimental and numerical data, as reported in the bibliography, support the dissertation with examples from the most recent research contributions.
Moreover, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [0] implemented the Heat Island Reduction program, underlining the importance of using cool pavements and cool roofs to reduce UHI, decrease energy for cooling requirements and thus achieve healthier life conditions in big cities while saving energy and money.
The results show how reducing pavement and roof albedo have positive impact on air quality and heat island reduction: surfaces modification can lower the ambient temperature of 3°C and surface temperature of around 10°C.
In Suman and Verma research [0], implementing cool coating on the roof of a test room resulted in a reduction of ceiling temperature of 8-10°C, and indoor temperature decrease of 4-3 °C.
In Taha work, [0]increasing external wall albedo considering Sacramento, California, resulted in a reduction of the cooling peak power of 14% and of electrical cooling energy of 19%.
Moreover, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [0] implemented the Heat Island Reduction program, underlining the importance of using cool pavements and cool roofs to reduce UHI, decrease energy for cooling requirements and thus achieve healthier life conditions in big cities while saving energy and money.
The results show how reducing pavement and roof albedo have positive impact on air quality and heat island reduction: surfaces modification can lower the ambient temperature of 3°C and surface temperature of around 10°C.
In Suman and Verma research [0], implementing cool coating on the roof of a test room resulted in a reduction of ceiling temperature of 8-10°C, and indoor temperature decrease of 4-3 °C.
In Taha work, [0]increasing external wall albedo considering Sacramento, California, resulted in a reduction of the cooling peak power of 14% and of electrical cooling energy of 19%.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Feng Hua Shi, Xu Feng Li, Xiao Feng Jia, Geng Biao Qiu
Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage: A New Choice to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emission in China
Xufeng LI1, 2,a, Fenghua Shi3,b , Xiaofeng Jia1 and Gengbiao Qiu1
1 Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, China Geological Survey, Baoding,
China, 071051
2 School of Water Resources and environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China, 100083
3College of Urban and Rural Construction, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding,
China, 071051
affslxf@163.com, bshifenghua@hebau.edu.cn,
Keywords: Climate Change; Global Warming; CO2 Emission Reduction; CO2 Geological Storage; China
Abstract.
And the total amount of CO2 emission from the major industrial sources (power plants cement production steelworks refineries ethylene ammonia ethylene oxide and hydrogen) in China is estimated to be 29.6315×108 t with the production data of the above various plants [15].
And the total amount of CO2 emission from the major industrial sources (power plants cement production steelworks refineries ethylene ammonia ethylene oxide and hydrogen) in China is estimated to be 29.6315×108 t with the production data of the above various plants [15].
Online since: March 2021
Authors: Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd Sani, Lim Kar Sing, Kah Qi Lim, Chao Bao
Corrosive pipes will experience reduction in wall thickness resulted a lower remaining strength of the pipe, and consequently lead to failure once the remaining strength unable to withstand the desired operating pressure of the pipe.
One of the common ways for pipeline inspection is by using intelligent pigging to gather important data such as location and geometries of defects.
In stage 1, geometries of the steel pipe, putty and composite were modelled which similar to the published data and the material properties is then modelled and assigned.
The published experimental burst pressure is 33MPa [26] while the FEA burst pressure of the validated base model was 31.77MPa, so the percentage of the error is 3.73% which less than 10% based on the equation: Percentage of Error= ⃓ pm-pd⃓pd x 100% ≤10% (7) where Pm represent the burst pressure of the base model while Pd represent the burst pressure of the published data.
The stress contour plans also shows that the stress concentration area is reducing, and its size increasing in axial direction and decrease in width direction as the defect length increase as well as strength reduction.
One of the common ways for pipeline inspection is by using intelligent pigging to gather important data such as location and geometries of defects.
In stage 1, geometries of the steel pipe, putty and composite were modelled which similar to the published data and the material properties is then modelled and assigned.
The published experimental burst pressure is 33MPa [26] while the FEA burst pressure of the validated base model was 31.77MPa, so the percentage of the error is 3.73% which less than 10% based on the equation: Percentage of Error= ⃓ pm-pd⃓pd x 100% ≤10% (7) where Pm represent the burst pressure of the base model while Pd represent the burst pressure of the published data.
The stress contour plans also shows that the stress concentration area is reducing, and its size increasing in axial direction and decrease in width direction as the defect length increase as well as strength reduction.
Online since: August 2023
Authors: Mohamad Alhalabi, Emran Alotaibi, Omar Mostafa, Samer Barakat
In the past, data-based prediction models for Ec’ of concrete were difficult to obtain due to the lack of large data sets in the available literature, in addition to the lack in efficient prediction models.
Methodology and Methods Data Collection and Preprocessing.
Standard deviation and mean values of Ec’ data are 8.52 and 35.74 GPa, respectively.
Data Availability Codes, models and collected data in this study are available upon request from the corresponding author.
Data set of approximately 200 experimental concrete Ec’ results were collected from the literature.
Methodology and Methods Data Collection and Preprocessing.
Standard deviation and mean values of Ec’ data are 8.52 and 35.74 GPa, respectively.
Data Availability Codes, models and collected data in this study are available upon request from the corresponding author.
Data set of approximately 200 experimental concrete Ec’ results were collected from the literature.