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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Jin Qing Liu, Qun Zhen Fan
(a)1-d wavelet decomposition (b)2-d wavelet decomposition
Fig.1 wavelet decomposition diagram
(a)original image (b)1-d wavelet decomposition
(c)2-d wavelet decomposition (d) low frequency component
Fig.2 face image wavelet decomposition
Eigenface method
Eigenfaces is a statistical method based on the overall intensity and description for face images [5] that built on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), its purpose is that put face image from high-dimensional image space to map into low-dimensional feature space, then classification and recognition after amount of image data dimensionality reduction.
Face recognition based on wavelet transform and improved Eigenface From the above methods analysis, we can conclude that eigenface method achieve the purpose of dimensionality reduction, but the calculation also large and it didn't consider the training sample category information, so first reduce the data amount through two-dimensional wavelet transformation.
Face recognition based on wavelet transform and improved Eigenface From the above methods analysis, we can conclude that eigenface method achieve the purpose of dimensionality reduction, but the calculation also large and it didn't consider the training sample category information, so first reduce the data amount through two-dimensional wavelet transformation.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: S. Ganesh Kumar, M. Saravanan, S. Karthikeyan
Production flow analysis system are traditionally design oriented or shape based therefore ideal for component variety reduction by material wastages for the cellular manufacturing [7].
The cellular manufacturing [CM] have been reported in the literature as reduction in setup time and work in process, material handing process used for the mass production and flexible of job shop manufacturing [24].
The data set related to the machine–part and machine–worker incidence matrices are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
The table shows the size of the test problem, the data are associated with each test problem is taken by the literature Iraj Mahdavi [1].
The cellular manufacturing [CM] have been reported in the literature as reduction in setup time and work in process, material handing process used for the mass production and flexible of job shop manufacturing [24].
The data set related to the machine–part and machine–worker incidence matrices are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
The table shows the size of the test problem, the data are associated with each test problem is taken by the literature Iraj Mahdavi [1].
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Zu Guo Qian, Hong Ya Liu, Yan Cui, Ai Min Ji
Then sludge pyrolysis test pilot plants were set up successively in 1983 in Canada and in 1986 in Australia, the experimental results show that the sludge pyrolysis can be used to produce fuel, and to provide for the large amount of data to support sludge pyrolysis industrialization.
The review covers pyrolysis conditions, influence factors, products and the application of these products which can provide basic data for sludge pyrolysis.
For the reduction of organic steam decomposition and mutual reaction, shorten the residence time at a high temperature area is effective way.
The liquid yield rate decreased from 53.7% at residence time 0.3s to 43.5% at residence time of 1s at 450 oC, oil yield reduction was caused by the secondary decomposition during high temperature condition.
The review covers pyrolysis conditions, influence factors, products and the application of these products which can provide basic data for sludge pyrolysis.
For the reduction of organic steam decomposition and mutual reaction, shorten the residence time at a high temperature area is effective way.
The liquid yield rate decreased from 53.7% at residence time 0.3s to 43.5% at residence time of 1s at 450 oC, oil yield reduction was caused by the secondary decomposition during high temperature condition.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Ben Sheng Huang, Jie Lu
If the fracture takes place at the maximum stress point or there are distinct defects at the fracture or there exerted abnormal data during the experiment, the test result should be regarded as invalid and we should restart the experiment.
Depending on the data, from the test points 9 to 1, the more close to the lumen surface of the fluid cylinder hardness decrease more after a period time of working.
Relating to the working environment, the reason for the reduction of hardness may be the corrosion of the fracturing fluid and the high stress cycle in the lumen face of the fluid cylinder.
Table 2 Tensile test date Material Test Number Elongation [%] Reduction [%] Yield strength [MPa] Ultimate tension [KN] Tensile strength [MPa] E4330 1# 17.2 56.8 984.4 132.9 1065.4 2# 15.8 57.9 965.2 126.9 1043.2 3# 15.8 57.8 978.9 131.9 1063.9 Average 16.3 57.5 976.2 130.6 1057.5 The stress levels distribution was preliminary designed as table 3.
Depending on the data, from the test points 9 to 1, the more close to the lumen surface of the fluid cylinder hardness decrease more after a period time of working.
Relating to the working environment, the reason for the reduction of hardness may be the corrosion of the fracturing fluid and the high stress cycle in the lumen face of the fluid cylinder.
Table 2 Tensile test date Material Test Number Elongation [%] Reduction [%] Yield strength [MPa] Ultimate tension [KN] Tensile strength [MPa] E4330 1# 17.2 56.8 984.4 132.9 1065.4 2# 15.8 57.9 965.2 126.9 1043.2 3# 15.8 57.8 978.9 131.9 1063.9 Average 16.3 57.5 976.2 130.6 1057.5 The stress levels distribution was preliminary designed as table 3.
Online since: July 2018
Authors: Dmitry А. Chinakhov, P.V. Rodionov, V. Sydorets, S.A. Solodsky
As a result, reduction of the droplet weight without changing other parameters will change the ratio of forces and the probability of the droplet transferring to the weld pool.
From the presented frame, we determine that for these conditions R ≈ 1.7r, and thus substituting the known data into formula (14) we obtain m = 0.0315g.
On the basis of these data, a nomogram (Figure 4) was constructed which shows the changes in the weight of an electrode metal droplet when the current is varied from 180A to 360A.
In this case, there is a reduction in the weight of the drop which can transfer into the weld pool.
From the presented frame, we determine that for these conditions R ≈ 1.7r, and thus substituting the known data into formula (14) we obtain m = 0.0315g.
On the basis of these data, a nomogram (Figure 4) was constructed which shows the changes in the weight of an electrode metal droplet when the current is varied from 180A to 360A.
In this case, there is a reduction in the weight of the drop which can transfer into the weld pool.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Alexander Seliverstov, Yuri Sukhanov, Yuri Gerasimov
The key input data for the program calculating economic viability are the results of the simulation of forest machine operations when collecting and processing logging residues.
In addition, the user must enter the data necessary to calculate the fixed and variable costs of the machine, set prices for the products in the forest industry, and give costs for cleaning the harvesting site.
The income includes the sales of merchantable roundwood, round energy wood, and forest chips and the reduction in costs for site cleaning after harvesting operation.The alternative 2 examines the use of a bundler for collecting logging residues.
The income consists of the sales of merchantable roundwood, round energy wood, and forest chips and the reduction in costs for site cleaning after harvesting operation.
In addition, the user must enter the data necessary to calculate the fixed and variable costs of the machine, set prices for the products in the forest industry, and give costs for cleaning the harvesting site.
The income includes the sales of merchantable roundwood, round energy wood, and forest chips and the reduction in costs for site cleaning after harvesting operation.The alternative 2 examines the use of a bundler for collecting logging residues.
The income consists of the sales of merchantable roundwood, round energy wood, and forest chips and the reduction in costs for site cleaning after harvesting operation.
Online since: November 2025
Authors: Tian Hong Gu, Wen Su, Chen Sun, Hao Tain An
When the annealing temperature approaches or exceeds the phase transformation temperature, it can induce grain coarsening of the matrix phase, precipitation of solid solutions, and release of internal stresses, leading to a reduction in hardness while improving fracture toughness [11].
The Vickers Hardness Test Data of W-Ni-Cu Alloys.
The Vickers Hardness Test Data of W-Ni-Fe Alloys.
(This is only a deduction due to the limitation of the 3 intense peaks in the XRD) and the retained austenite is intrinsically soft, resulting in the hardness reduction.
The Vickers Hardness Test Data of W-Ni-Cu Alloys.
The Vickers Hardness Test Data of W-Ni-Fe Alloys.
(This is only a deduction due to the limitation of the 3 intense peaks in the XRD) and the retained austenite is intrinsically soft, resulting in the hardness reduction.
Online since: September 2021
Authors: Svetlana Yu. Khashirova, Azamat L. Slonov, Azamat A. Zhansitov, Zhanna I. Kurdanova, Ismel V. Musov
The data of the averaged values of the fiber length of the samples under study are given in table. 1 also confirm that the conditions of annealing in a muffle furnace do not affect the linear dimensions of the fibers.
With an increase in the CF content in the composite, the degree of fiber length reduction is practically the same, both at 10 and 40%.
However, it should be borne in mind that the percentage of reduction of the linear dimensions of the fibers in this case was 95%.
However, when comparing the data obtained for composites with 0.2 mm CF and 3 mm CF (Fig. 3, 4), it can be seen that the average residual fiber length in composites with 3 mm CF remains higher.
With an increase in the CF content in the composite, the degree of fiber length reduction is practically the same, both at 10 and 40%.
However, it should be borne in mind that the percentage of reduction of the linear dimensions of the fibers in this case was 95%.
However, when comparing the data obtained for composites with 0.2 mm CF and 3 mm CF (Fig. 3, 4), it can be seen that the average residual fiber length in composites with 3 mm CF remains higher.
Online since: January 2018
Authors: Mila Tartiarini, Udisubakti Ciptomulyono
As a form of corporate responsibility to climate change, energy reduction, waste reduction and zero waste, the company is doing water conservation in the form of recycling activities throughout the liquid waste processing results WWTP (effluent WWTP).
Based on the data base Sima Pro 7.0, most categories of environmental impacts associated with regional and global level, not at the local level.
Principles of AHP is trying to accommodate cognitive aspects, experience and subjective knowledge of decision makers as a basic data to decision making process [3].
Based on the data base Sima Pro 7.0, most categories of environmental impacts associated with regional and global level, not at the local level.
Principles of AHP is trying to accommodate cognitive aspects, experience and subjective knowledge of decision makers as a basic data to decision making process [3].
Online since: July 2014
Authors: R. Saravanan, Manoj Kumar B
Saravanan 2,b
1 Research Scholar – Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu State, India
2 Dean - Mechanical Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Technology, Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu State, India
a manojkumar@scmsgroup.org b r.saravanan@skct.edu.in
Keywords: Reclaimed rubber, Reverse logistics, Network design, used tires, Tire Recycling, Matlab, Material recovery
Abstract- Managing the products at the end of its intended use and recovery of such used products from the market is gaining significant importance these days due to global environmental concerns, resource reduction, government regulations and economic factors.
Due to increasing environmental deterioration, green manufacturing, government regulations, corporate social responsibilities, resource reduction, and economic factors, many companies are now engaged in the material recovery business.
· Transportation cost of BP inside the IRPS considered and accommodated in the overheads The objective function of the reverse logistics model is given by the following equation: Minimise Cost=TSLC+CALC+SULC+RCLC+SURC-SUSP+SUSC+SUTC (1) Subjected to constraints ni , q CBPA= i=1nni*q*SA (2) CBPC= i=1n ni* q*CTcWT + ni* q* IRPSO - ni* qs* Ssp (3) CBPD= i=1n ni* q*CTDWT + ni* q* SSRPS + ni* q* SSRPO - ni* qs* Ssp + ni* qBP * SSRPT (4) The mathematical model has been validated using the data collected as per the Table 2 from the case study and plotted in the graph (Fig. 4) Table 2: Data collected from the case study Item Cost SA 15 [Rs/kg] CTc 520 [Rs/piece] IRPSO 7.70 [Rs/kg] WT 62 [Kg/tire] qs 3548.39 [Kg/10 ton] qBP 6451.61 [Kg/10 ton] Ssp 20
[Rs/kg] ni 30 [Days] q 10 [Ton] The following assumptions have also been used based on the data collected from personal interviews with the concerned parties CTD = Average landing cost of truck tire per piece in SSRP is 400 rupees SSRPS=Sorting cost of SSRP is o.25 Rs per kg SSRPO=Overheads of SSRP is 8.45 per kg SSRPT=Transportation cost of SSRP to RP is 1 Rs per kg Figure 4.
Due to increasing environmental deterioration, green manufacturing, government regulations, corporate social responsibilities, resource reduction, and economic factors, many companies are now engaged in the material recovery business.
· Transportation cost of BP inside the IRPS considered and accommodated in the overheads The objective function of the reverse logistics model is given by the following equation: Minimise Cost=TSLC+CALC+SULC+RCLC+SURC-SUSP+SUSC+SUTC (1) Subjected to constraints ni , q CBPA= i=1nni*q*SA (2) CBPC= i=1n ni* q*CTcWT + ni* q* IRPSO - ni* qs* Ssp (3) CBPD= i=1n ni* q*CTDWT + ni* q* SSRPS + ni* q* SSRPO - ni* qs* Ssp + ni* qBP * SSRPT (4) The mathematical model has been validated using the data collected as per the Table 2 from the case study and plotted in the graph (Fig. 4) Table 2: Data collected from the case study Item Cost SA 15 [Rs/kg] CTc 520 [Rs/piece] IRPSO 7.70 [Rs/kg] WT 62 [Kg/tire] qs 3548.39 [Kg/10 ton] qBP 6451.61 [Kg/10 ton] Ssp 20
[Rs/kg] ni 30 [Days] q 10 [Ton] The following assumptions have also been used based on the data collected from personal interviews with the concerned parties CTD = Average landing cost of truck tire per piece in SSRP is 400 rupees SSRPS=Sorting cost of SSRP is o.25 Rs per kg SSRPO=Overheads of SSRP is 8.45 per kg SSRPT=Transportation cost of SSRP to RP is 1 Rs per kg Figure 4.