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Effect of Annealing on the Hardness Variation and Deformation Behaviour of W-Ni-Cu and W-Ni-Fe Alloys
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Effect of Annealing on the Hardness Variation and Deformation Behaviour of W-Ni-Cu and W-Ni-Fe Alloys

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Abstract:

As aerospace, nuclear engineering, and other high-technology industries continue to advance, the demands for material properties have grown more stringent. Strengthened via the intrinsic thermally stable element tungsten (W) with the ductile γ phase, tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs) have emerged as critical materials for extreme service conditions in multiple fields due to their high density, outstanding strength, radiation resistance, and excellent high-temperature performance. However, their application is limited by certain drawbacks such as high temperature/irradiation conditions, interfacial weakening and room-temperature brittleness. This study investigates the effect of annealing on the microstructural evolution and hardness behaviour of W-Ni-Fe and W-Ni-Cu alloys through the Vickers hardness tests, crystal structure, morphology and elemental distribution analysis. The W-Ni-Fe and W-Ni-Cu alloys exhibit remarkable hardness stability during annealing, with less affected by temperature, confirming the excellent thermal stability. W-Ni-Fe alloys exhibit softening phenomena during high-temperature annealing, while the W-Ni-Cu alloys demonstrate enhanced hardness through annealing. This discrepancy is originally caused by the differences in the diffusion behaviour of the two binder phases (NiFe/NiCu) at elevated temperatures and their distinct interfacial interaction mechanisms with the W matrix.

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Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1033)

Pages:

3-9

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-JUFB5n

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Online since:

November 2025

Authors:

Wen Su, Chen Sun, Hao Tain An, Tian Hong Gu*

Keywords:

Deformation Behaviour, EDS, Tungsten Heavy Alloys, X-Ray Diffraction

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© 2025 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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