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Which can describe only those properties of the system that are of interest to us in terms of its study [16].
DoE L9 3X3 with Parameters of control as Factors.
DoE L9 3X3 with Parameters of control as factors.
Interactions effects between factors.
There is a main effect when different levels of a factor affect the response differently.

The graphite is usually used as lubricant to adjust the friction and wear properties of.
Synthetic rubber to increase the actual contact area played an important role, but its content can affect brake heat resistance, need to carefully study the optimum blending ratio; Fiber 's role is to ensure that the strength of synthetic brake shoe.
Here the use of fiber polyamide and ceramic fibers, and to compensate for the material properties of the mixed form, can significantly improve the mechanical strength of brake shoe, increase material porosity factor, and can make the brake shoe having a vibration damping characteristics and reduce the braking noise [2]. 1.2 Technical analysis of synthetic brake shoe Page Numbers.
Project group to use all kinds of friction materials properties and Tribological Mechanism, the basic material composition and physicochemical indexes, as well as strength, impact toughness, elastic constant and the average friction coefficient under stable conditions, by improving the process method to realize the train at different speed stages friction coefficient micro adjustment to accommodate foreign overall braking system performance requirements, the is the key and difficult technology breakthrough.
Conclusions Brake shoe dry process is international and the railway system to increase the subway synthetic brake shoe hardness, improve brake shoe friction properties of the basic train of thought.

When materials of different compositions are bonded together, diffusion can occur at elevated temperatures and the product can undergo changes in internal structure as well as in mechanical properties.
The interface instabilities affect the integrity of any multiphase product [1-4] As a powerful diffusion interface microstructure simulation method, the phase field model has attracted many interests on the diffusion behavior and microstructure transformation of materials [5-9].
The interface movement direction, atoms diffusion direction and microstructure of the diffusion couples affected by the nonequalibrium concentration, temperature and mobility were investigated.
They are related to the diffusivity through Einstein’s relation, where i denotes the element A or B, R is the gas constant and T is the absolute temperature, Di is the diffusion coefficient of species i and can be given by the Arrhenius equation, in which Ai is called frequency factor, and Qi is activation energy.

When a concrete-steel construction is affected some elements may completely loose their bearing capacity resulting in possible collapse of the construction.
Trouble-free matrix-aggregates contact zone is one of the key factors for preservation of particular material parameters and thus whole construction bearing capacity.
Basic physical and mechanical characteristics were monitored in the age of 28, 45 and 90 days.
To obtain good workability of the fresh mixture with provision of sufficient physical and mechanical parameters was the objective.
The proposed formulas can be evaluated very positively when using the preparation of mixing matrix and combination of both aggregate types with application of support admixture and scattered reinforcement parameters exceeding properties of common maintenance materials were obtained.

There are multiple factors that must be considered in order to achieve the maximum light output and uniform irradiance: LED to LED spacing [4], LED to Reflector Spacing [5], LED arrangement, available LED heat dissipation surface area [6, 7], LED radiation pattern, LED angle [8], reflector size, reflectivity, and the use of a diffusion film, all these factors are all connected in the formation of a luminary device with an acceptable uniform irradiance.
A series of geometrical properties, as well as ray tracing equations must be employed in order to understand ray behavior and manipulate light direction.
This example provides easy and clear understanding of the most important factors in LED light design applications.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 7 shows how L and the angle θ affect the uniform irradiance and light intensity.
This example is good because it combines all the main factors, LED arrangement, spacing, and angles, and correct use of the inverse ray tracing equations.

The microstructured-layer in the middle of the model consisted of three phases of unique material properties: the fibre, the matrix and the fibre-matrix interface.
The material properties of the infinite elements were set to be the same as the EHM.
Material Properties and Simulation Conditions.
The material properties used in the FE analysis are given in Table 1 [7, 9, 17], and the cutting conditions are listed in Table 2.
It is clear that the frequency affects the fibre fracture significantly.

However, it is of much difficulty to obtain the specular view factor.
For each ring, the properties and temperature are assumed uniform.
The view factor between the spot and the lightpipe tip was calculated by the MCM and compared with the analytical solution [12].
The primary parameters affecting the wafer effective emissivity are only the wafer emissivity and the wafer-to-shield distance.
For a cold and highly reflective wall, the primary parameters affecting the effective emissivity of wafer are only the wafer emissivity and the wafer-to-shield distance.

MANUFACTURE OF PFBR EQUIPMENT AND MAIN CONSIDERATIONS: The major factors considered for the selection of materials include operating conditions, availability of design data in nuclear codes, ease of fabrication, International experience and safety [2,3].
In addition, this steel also possesses excellent mechanical & creep properties.
Grain size & chemical composition of above steel has been precisely specified with upper & lower values to optimize the mechanical & creep properties.
During plate procurement, high temperature tensile test is also carried out in addition to tensile test at ambient temperature on specimens to evaluate & ascertain the properties for service conditions.
A number of cutouts are provided in the top and bottom plates and in vertical stiffeners to enable access for welding to all regions during manufacture and to reduce the total weight without affecting the overall stiffness of the structure.

For the tools with coating materials of TiAlN, Al2O3, TiN, TiC, we can calculate the wear rate according to the Usui mathematical model of tool wear, and then consider thickness factor of TiC coating.
And the coating thickness affects the performance of heat insulation and bonding strength between coating and matrix directly.
The associated physical properties of the coating materials are listed in Table 1.
Physical properties of the coating materials Material Density [g/cm³] Melting Point [°C] Hardness [GPa] Elastic Modulus [GPa] Thermal Conductivity [W/m·K] Thermal Expansion [10-6/°C-1] TiAlN 4.5 2980 32.5 420 0.2604 4.8 Al2O3 3.9 2050 23 530 0.3024 8 TiN 5.2 2950 21 260 0.294 9.3 TiC 4.9 3150 32 500 0.1961 7.7 In AdvantEdge models, we set the tool’s rake angle of 5°, clearance angle of 10°, corner radius of 0.02 mm, and the corresponding cutting parameters are listed in Table 2.
Effect of TiC coatIng Thickness TiC coating exhibits high hardness and resistance to mechanical and abrasive wears.

Hygrothermal behavior is an important factor need to be considered in the whole environment, and it is also the problem that all the composite materials must face.
In general terms, with properties being sensitive to the condition of environment, interlaminar shear and flexural properties are generally more sensitive to moisture than tensile properties, especially in high temperature[9].
As an important micro-structure, the performance of fiber-matrix interface affects the whole performance of composite materials directly[15].
(2) Mechanical hinge: This is produced by crack and roughness of the skin-face
References [1] Sun Tao: The influence of Pore on the Mechanical properties of CFRP on Hygrothermal Environment (Harbin engineering university, Harbin 2010), in Chinese