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Coupled thermal-mechanical equilibrium equation.
The heat equation is given by Eq. 5, and the mechanical equilibrium equation is shown in Eq. 6.
Just as annealing process, an appropriate control of temperature field as a function of time and position in the process is the key factor to reduce residual stress.
Brückner, Properties and structure of vitreous silica I, J.
Brückner, Properties and structure of vitreous silica II, J.

The paper demonstrates how these parameters can affect the hardness from the surface to center of round samples.
Introduction The purpose of heat treatment is to cause desired changes in the metallurgical structure and thus in the properties of metal parts.[1].
Many researchers was study and proposed model for predict microstructure and mechanical properties of steel after quenching such as Xiaohu Deng and Dongying Ju [7] proposed the hardness distributions of quenched and tempered workpiece by experimental regression equation.
Özsoy: Investigation of the correlation between thermal properties and hardenability of Jominy bars quenched with air– water mixture for AISI 1050 steel.
Linda: Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Quenching Hardening Steel: Scientia agriculturae bohemica, 46, 2015 (1): 26–32

Introduction The fictitious crack model (FCM) proposed by Hillerborg et al. [1] is able to give a good description to the mechanical behavior within the fracture process zone (FPZ) at the tip of crack in concrete.
Table 1 Mix proportion of beam specimens w/c Unit weight(kg/m3) c w F.A S G W.R A.E 80mm 0.45 159 102 68 625 1496 1.36 0.0159 Fig.1 Schematic diagram of TPB specimen Table 2 Dimensions and material properties of TPB specimens Specimen Number of companion specimens （Mpa） E(Gpa) Dimensions of beam specimen （mm） TPB-1 2 56.2 35 0.196 240 400 1600 1700 160 TBP-2 2 47.1 32.3 0.222 450 1800 1900 180 TPB-3 4 47.1 32.3 0.222 500 2000 2100 200 TPB-4 3 56.2 35 0.196 550 2200 2300 220 -compressive strength, E- modulus of elasticity, -Poisson's ratio Test data processing.
As the test process is affected by factors of environment, equipment and human, the test data collected there have inevitably various errors.
The representative P-CMOD curve which can characterize the fracture property of each specimen group was achieved by filtering, averaging and extraction with the optimization method.

The mechanical strength of cellulose paper is mainly attributed to the number of glucose in molecular chain.
The degree of polymerization (DP) of original specimen is 1198 (original specimen), 1104 (original specimen after desiccation), which make us believe that the electric property of original specimen could meet the challenge of practical application.
The DP of the specimen after 100 days thermal ageing is 324, 25.7% of the original specimen, which indicates that the electric property of the specimen after 100 days thermal ageing is heavily damaged.
Generally speaking, there are some main factors impact the oil streaming electrification, including the temperature, the speed of oil streaming, the overflows states, the solid material surface condition and the moisture content of oil-paper system, etc.
Dry paper surface has a great improvement on the charge gathering ability of the cardboard, while the roughness affects the fiber hydrophilic.

According to the rebound method of detection concrete compressive strength technical regulation and electromagnetic induction method to detect reinforced cover thickness and reinforced diameter technology procedures, pier column and box girder are tested on the spot. 2.2Test results and analyzed 2.2.1Rebound method Assuming the structure of vertical profile component surface strength and internal strength is consistent and using the mechanical properties of structural surface about 6mm,the rebound method infer that the surface strength of concrete.
In Actual , testers dry pier column with a air-blower but prohibit using heat, power forced dry because concrete surface layer which is burning will affect detective accuracy.
If it occurs abnormal circumstances on the spot ,such as not corresponding with the drawings, we must get rid of many factors including the concrete component surface not smooth and the effect of conductive metal wires etc.
Then we use the detecting rapid scanner for further determination. 3 Conclusion The concrete surface strength in rebound method is deduced from the plastic-elastic property of concrete structure surface within 6mm,assuming that the strength of vertical profile is the same as the inner structure.

The sulfur level, curing temperature and curing time are the main factors to affect the curing process.
After drawing a horizontal line at the curing temperature to intersect with each curve, the curve with the highest initial temperature intersects with the horizontal line first while the one with the lowest initial temperature intersects with the horizontal line last, indicating that different parts of the tire could ahead process into the curing phase to shorten the curing time in the curing press by increasing initial temperature. 2.2 Equivalent curing time The property of vulcanization depends on the degree of curing (G), which is the degree of cross linking.
Therefore, the degree of curing of kinds of vulcanizates should be the same to gain the vulcanizates with the same mechanical properties under different curing conditions.

Its properties can be compared to some commonly used materials which are used in structural details but were not designed for this purpose.
This reduces the thermal-technical properties and compressive strength because of the damage it causes to its compactness.
The thermal conductivity coefficient is affected in various plastics by their basic properties and the ratio of plastic material to the added admixtures.
The design and material properties of the boards distributes the transferred working load into the base layers.
Their technical i.e. physical, mechanical and chemical properties predispose them to structures where conventional thermal insulations are used.

The present investigation is on the effect of red mud on the mechanical properties and durability of the geopolymer paste in sulphuric and acetic acid solution.
Being extremely aggressive in nature, it quickly reacts with the lime, (CaOH)2 in the concrete to form gypsum and causes increase in volume of concrete by a factor of 2.2 [5].
Among the geopolymers, RM30 is least affected by sulphuric acid and has minimum strength loss after 86 days.
The stability of hydration product is not affected much.

Rozati[5] theoretically studied the influence of the non-parabolic properties on the carrier transport in the ITO film.
This will cause the electrical properties to drift, which in turn will cause measurement errors.
(2) For an ITO film with a fixed composition, oxygen vacancies are the main factor affecting the change of the carrier concentration.
Preparation and properties of In2O3/ITO high temperature ceramic thin film thermocouple.
Preparation and thermoelectric properties of In2O3 / ITO thin film thermocouple.

From operational view, it is desired that the device to be much smaller and transportable to eliminate mechanical interference with other apparatus in a module, and save crew time to deploy the device.
Simulated body mass Mcal and rubber property values were arbitrary, but large enough to model human body mass measurement.
Selection of the force sensor and its mechanical implementation would be the key for Space Scale.
The elasticity and subject reflex in changing body shape affects the accuracy and precision of the body mass measurement.
Our prediction is that training would eliminate these factors.