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The above three factors have cross effect on the photocatalytic efficiency.
Myoung, Photo-induced hydrophilic properties of reactive RF magnetron sputtered TiO2 thin films, Surf.
Rong, Microstructure and optical properties of TiO2 thin films deposited at different oxygen flow rates, Trans.
Rusu, The inf luence of heat treatment on the optical properties of titanium oxide thin films, Mater.
Billard, J. von Stebut, Structure/mechanical properties relationship of titanium-oxygen coatings reactively sputter-deposited, Surf.

Effect of Processing Parameters on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Micro Arc Oxidized Aluminium Alloy Isa Metin Ozkara a , Murat Baydoganb Istanbul Technical University, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, 34469 Maslak - Istanbul / Turkey a ozkarai@itu.edu.tr, bbaydogan@itu.edu.tr Keywords: Aluminium, coating, corrosion, micro arc oxidation, wear.
In the micro arc oxidation process, there are several parameters involved, which can affect the final characteristics of the oxide layer formed on the substrate.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of positive and negative pulse durations (i.e. application time of the positive and negative voltage pulses) on the structural and mechanical properties of the surface layer produced by the MAO process on a 2024 aluminium alloy.
The main factor improving corrosion resistance is the chemical stability of the oxide layer produced by the MAO process [6].
Ozkara: Improvement of surface properties of 2024 aluminum alloy by the micro arc oxidation process, MSc.

This method will only affect the chemical composition of the rice husk ash not on the structure (crystalline/amorphous) [5].
Fe impurities after all will affect a certain application of rice husk.
Combustion temperature and time are important factors in determining whether silica remains amorphous or become crystalline in rice husk ash [8].
A critical assessment and new research directions of rice husk silica processing methods and properties.
Minerals Engineering 20 (2007) 816–818 [8] Chandrasekar S, Satyanarayana KG, Raghavan PN (2003) Processing, properties and applications of reactive silica from rice husk—an overview.

Present Conditions and Fundamentals for Development of Low-carbon Clothing People’s consumption concepts decide new changes of the textile and garment industry and affect the “low-carbon” level of the industry.
Industrial experts predict that future clothing enterprises will win favor of consumers and obtain more market share if their materials and processes have the minimum hazards and their garments have the minimum carbon emissions rather than selling the largest quantity of clothes at the highest price. [1] Although the development tendency of low-carbon clothing is excellent, the low popularity of carbon clothing is mainly limited to the following factors in terms of China’s domestic market.
Self Problems of Low-carbon Clothing Limitations of Price Factors.Expensive price is the main cause of the frustration of the low-carbon clothing market.
In this way, the factors such as flexibility, pattern, color and texture etc. of low-carbon garments will be limited in the process of design, which make there are differences and distance between aesthetic property of low-carbon garments and that of common garments, directly reduce customers’ favor degree, and further decrease their purchase desire. [2] Market Reasons Clothing consumption is between durable goods and nondurable goods and is affected by economy, culture, values and human behaviors greatly, the term of “low-carbon” has appeared in the fields including politics, economy and industry as well as has become a kind of progressive environment protection concept, obligation and fashion, and entered into people’s daily life.
Physical recycling means that discarded textiles and garments can be reused after initial mechanical processing.

Various materials consolidated are described in terms of their densities, microstructures and mechanical properties.
Introduction Nanomaterials are attractive as they promise to offer unique and considerably enhanced properties [1].
Also, the emphasis is on processing and its effects on ultrafine/nano structures; although the resulting mechanical properties including hardness, strength and ductility are presented, it has not been attempted to compare results from different studies since mechanical properties are sensitive to the level of defects which varies considerably between investigations.
Mechanical properties.
As this brief overview demonstrates, consolidation of fine particles by severe plastic deformation has exhibited great potential in producing bulk nanostructured materials with enhanced mechanical properties.

Introduction Use of composites has been rapidly growing due to their properties that can be tailored to match engineering need.
In this paper, finite element analysis was carried out for a preliminary determination of material parameters required for the description of the mechanical behavior of the hybrid composite.
Pullout tests were simulated for several values of numerical parameters for the cohesive zone model (threshold stress, characteristic length, and dimensionless weighting factor) and Young's moduli of the shape memory alloy and the CFRP matrix.
Young's modulus of the CFRP matrix did not affect the force-displacement result as much as Young's modulus of the SMA wire.
It is shown that the rate of the drop of the force-displacement curve due to the breaking of the interface is affected by the stiffness mismatch between the wire and the matrix as well as by a characteristic distance cδ for the constitutive model.

Fig.2 Cutting forces of SLT series tools vs cutting speed (a) Fz ;(b) Fx;(c) Fy It was found that the cutting forces were affected obviously by the cutting speed.
Conclusions Through the analysis of cutting force theory, the factors to reduce cutting forces were studied.
The mechanism of cutting force reduction for SLT-1 self-lubricated tool is considered to be two factors: forming the lubricating additives smeared on the rake face owing to the chip friction and heat expansion, which can reduce the average shear stressτc on the rake face; reduction of the contact length lf between tool and chip.
Feng: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 38 (2002), p. 40-45
[15] E.Usui: Mechanical Metal Processing (China Machine Press, China 1982)

Proper experimental methodology could be impressive to better identification of factors affecting formation damage [9,10,11].
One of the most important factors is entrancement of drilling fluid solids into the formation.
This leads to optimum selection of nanoparticle shape for each rock based on its petrophysical properties.
This is one of the main factors causes initial synthetic core permeability impairment and high skin factor after conducting dynamic filtration test for 25 min.
This leads to optimum selection of nanoparticles shape for each specific rock based on its petro-physical properties

Reducing Non-Value Added Process for An Automotive Component Using Finite Element Modeling Roseleena Jaafar 1,a, Farrahshaida Mohd Salleh1, Izdihar Tharazi1, Abdul Rahman Omar1 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor D.E, Malaysia arosel714@salam.uitm.edu.my Keywords: Multi-stage drawing, sheet metal formability, Forming Limit Diagram (FLD), drawing simulation, cup wall thining.
Thus, not only that the process design has been refined and optimized, other benefit in terms of improving component property such as the wall-thickness tolerance has been achieved.
Further Work The next phase of the research study is to apply experimental design to identify factors effecting the process and thus develop a simulated empirical model of this process.
Design of Experiment (DOE) method will be used to determine the factors and interactions that play the most important role in the forming process affecting the formability of the part.

The energy based techniques rely on the attenuation property of AE signals on different equipments [2].
Network model of LS-SVR There are two free parameters viz. kernel width parameter, sigma and regularization parameter, which affect LS-SVR generalization performance.
It is a factor, which is less than 0.5.
Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. vol 21, Feb 2007, pp.1103-1114
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. vol 223, Jan 2009, pp. 525-529