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Online since: September 2003
Authors: Kimmo Saarinen, E.Ö. Sveinbjörnsson, James Dekker, H.Ö. Ólafsson
The interface between the oxide and SiC is hardly observable in the S
parameter data (Fig. 1) or in the W parameter measurement in p-SiC samples (Fig. 2).
Reference points for a thermal oxide on a silicon substrate are also shown to help interpret the data.
This is consistent with a reduction in negative charge due to a removal of the interface trapping sites.
Reference points for a thermal oxide on a silicon substrate are also shown to help interpret the data.
This is consistent with a reduction in negative charge due to a removal of the interface trapping sites.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Guang Qiang Liu, Shuo Zhang, Guo Wei Xie, Jing Zhao, Kun Liu
The industrial analysis and elemental analysis data of the three experimental samples are as follows in Table 1.
Table 1 The industrial analysis and elemental analysis data of the experimental samples(%) The sample name Industrial analysis Elemental analysis Mad Aad Vad FCad C H O N S Stone coal 0.525 63.723 7.33 28.422 29.20 0.38 3.13 0.01 2.83 Sawdust 7.534 2.835 73.275 16.356 46.72 5.73 37.63 1.18 0 Corn stalk 7.619 12.585 62.212 17.584 43.68 4.32 33.62 0.71 0.22 (2) Experimental equipment and scheme The stone coal and two kinds of biomass are mixed respectively according to the proportion of 1:9,2:8,3:7 to discuss the impact of adding biomass and mixing ratio on the stone coal pyrolysis by using simultaneous thermal analyzer.
It may be due to un-reacted coal at low temperature hindered the volatile release of biomass pyrolysis, and with the reduction of stone coal blending ratio, the inhibition reduced.
Table 1 The industrial analysis and elemental analysis data of the experimental samples(%) The sample name Industrial analysis Elemental analysis Mad Aad Vad FCad C H O N S Stone coal 0.525 63.723 7.33 28.422 29.20 0.38 3.13 0.01 2.83 Sawdust 7.534 2.835 73.275 16.356 46.72 5.73 37.63 1.18 0 Corn stalk 7.619 12.585 62.212 17.584 43.68 4.32 33.62 0.71 0.22 (2) Experimental equipment and scheme The stone coal and two kinds of biomass are mixed respectively according to the proportion of 1:9,2:8,3:7 to discuss the impact of adding biomass and mixing ratio on the stone coal pyrolysis by using simultaneous thermal analyzer.
It may be due to un-reacted coal at low temperature hindered the volatile release of biomass pyrolysis, and with the reduction of stone coal blending ratio, the inhibition reduced.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Yan Li Hu, Jun Liang
Thermal storage
Solar boiler
The boiler
Pump
Condenser
G
Steam turbine generating set
1.2 The calculation of the earth's outside atmosphere radiation
The meaning of the outside of the earth's atmosphere refers to the earth's upper atmosphere, where there is no atmosphere interference, calculation relatively simple. [1]The data is calculated on the basis of daytime data, which can be divided into horizontal and inclined plane.
1.2.1 The outer level of the earth's horizontal atmosphere radiation calculation
1).
The scale expansion of new energy and cost reduction is not completely in a linear relationship.
The scale expansion of new energy and cost reduction is not completely in a linear relationship.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Milena Pavlíková, Zbyšek Pavlík, Robert Černý, Martina Záleská, Igor Medveď, Petros G. Koutsoukos, Jan Fořt
An alternative way of sludge disposal is incineration that achieves significant reduction of material volume.
The measured data are given in Fig. 2.
Here, also the data of OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) CEM I 42.5 R are given.
The measured data are given in Fig. 2.
Here, also the data of OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) CEM I 42.5 R are given.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Jing Lan Hong, Jian Zhao, Chun Yuan Ma, Qing Song Wang
Human Toxicity Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons emitted from lignite burning
Jian Zhao1,2 , Jinglan Hong3,a* , Chunyuan Ma2,b*, and Qingsong Wang2
1 School of Energy and Power Engineering,Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, China;
2 China Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Co.Ltd, Beijing, China.
3 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of environmental science and engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South road, Jinan 250100, China
ahongjing@sdu.edu.cn, bchym@sdu.edu.cn
* corresponding author: Jinglan Hong, Chunyuan Ma
Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lignite burning, human toxicity assessmennt,effect factor.
Methods and materials In the present study, laboratory experimental data of individual PAHs from lignite burning are taken from Liu et al [3], who analyzed PAHs emission generated from lignite in Neimenggu province in China.
Effect factor of individual PAHs are calculated by experimental animal data of 50% human risk of an incidence above background.
Methods and materials In the present study, laboratory experimental data of individual PAHs from lignite burning are taken from Liu et al [3], who analyzed PAHs emission generated from lignite in Neimenggu province in China.
Effect factor of individual PAHs are calculated by experimental animal data of 50% human risk of an incidence above background.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Rong Xia Wang, Shuang Guo, Rong Guo
Generally speaking, parameters for describing the damage of structures can be classified into three categories, i.e. reduction, deformation and energy[6][7].
As a result, it is necessary to work out the energy consumption factor for CFRT columns by regression analysis of seismic damage data.
cumulative hysteretic energy analysis Experiment data of CFRT frame columns published in Reference [9] is used in this paper.
As a result, it is necessary to work out the energy consumption factor for CFRT columns by regression analysis of seismic damage data.
cumulative hysteretic energy analysis Experiment data of CFRT frame columns published in Reference [9] is used in this paper.
Online since: March 2009
Authors: M.V. Zamoryanskaya, E.V. Kolesnikova, Evgenia V. Kalinina, Alexander A. Lebedev
Taking into account these data, the structural improvement of the epitaxial layers close to
Al ID p+n junctions was attributed to defect gettering, in the course of annealing, from the region
adjacent to the implanted layer.
These data confirm the previously made conclusions that, after short thermal annealing of implanted samples, the CVD layers contain, to a depth of several micrometers, no Al2O3 inclusions or other structural defects presented in the virgin samples (Fig. 3).
It is possible that the diminution or nearly total elimination of Al2O3 inclusions and other optical active defects in CVD epitaxial layers close to the Al ID p+ -n junction after its formation with the resulting reduction of the recombination centers for holes in this region, which, in turn, leads to an increase in Lp.
These data confirm the previously made conclusions that, after short thermal annealing of implanted samples, the CVD layers contain, to a depth of several micrometers, no Al2O3 inclusions or other structural defects presented in the virgin samples (Fig. 3).
It is possible that the diminution or nearly total elimination of Al2O3 inclusions and other optical active defects in CVD epitaxial layers close to the Al ID p+ -n junction after its formation with the resulting reduction of the recombination centers for holes in this region, which, in turn, leads to an increase in Lp.
Online since: January 2005
Authors: Pei Ying Liu, Tie Tao Zhou, Lin Ping Feng, Bin Chen
According to these experimental data,
the CRSS of the basal slip mode {0001}<2110> is much lower than those of the non-basal slip and
twinning modes.
The reference data of the pure magnesium is from handbook.
The cold rolling was taken out at room temperature about 293K to the experimental alloys with varies thickness reduction from 30% to 300%.
The reference data of the pure magnesium is from handbook.
The cold rolling was taken out at room temperature about 293K to the experimental alloys with varies thickness reduction from 30% to 300%.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Antônio Augusto Couto, Carlos de Moura Neto, Danieli A.P. Reis, M.J.R. Barboza, L.A.N.S. Briguente, Nara Miranda Guimarães
For elongation and temperature data collection for the samples was used Antares Software.
Condition σ (MPa) tp (h) ε·s (1/h) tf (h) εf (mm/mm) Equiaxed 125 0.83 0.0098 14.00 0.263 Bimodal 1.46 0.0074 22.07 0.368 Equiaxed 250 0.03 0.1937 0.62 0.194 Bimodal 0.10 0.0797 1.23 0.195 Equiaxed 319 0.01 0.5638 0.17 0.174 Bimodal 0.024 0.2195 0.25 0.107 Based on the results above, bimodal structure at 600º C in stress conditions of 125, 250 and 319 MPa has higher creep resistance with higher values of tp and reduction of steady-state creep rate and time to rupture.
The data shows the heat treatment was effective and improve creep resistance.
Condition σ (MPa) tp (h) ε·s (1/h) tf (h) εf (mm/mm) Equiaxed 125 0.83 0.0098 14.00 0.263 Bimodal 1.46 0.0074 22.07 0.368 Equiaxed 250 0.03 0.1937 0.62 0.194 Bimodal 0.10 0.0797 1.23 0.195 Equiaxed 319 0.01 0.5638 0.17 0.174 Bimodal 0.024 0.2195 0.25 0.107 Based on the results above, bimodal structure at 600º C in stress conditions of 125, 250 and 319 MPa has higher creep resistance with higher values of tp and reduction of steady-state creep rate and time to rupture.
The data shows the heat treatment was effective and improve creep resistance.
Online since: June 2004
Authors: Masashi Kato, Eisuke Arai, Hidehisa Hashizume, Shingo Sumie, M. Ichimura, Masaya Ichimura
The data are obtained from arrayed
Schottky contacts along with X and Y directions through the wafer center.
Data for the edge region of the wafer (2 mm from wafer edge) are excluded.
Janzén et al. have observed local lifetime reduction at small angle grain boundaries in epitaxial 4H-SiC [1].
Data for the edge region of the wafer (2 mm from wafer edge) are excluded.
Janzén et al. have observed local lifetime reduction at small angle grain boundaries in epitaxial 4H-SiC [1].